{"id":684,"date":"2009-10-19T13:02:11","date_gmt":"2009-10-19T17:02:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/?page_id=684"},"modified":"2026-01-23T11:30:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-23T16:30:36","slug":"andrew-simons","status":"publish","type":"cu-people","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/","title":{"rendered":"Andrew Simons"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Research<\/h2>\n<p>For detailed information, please visit the lab website (link above). \u00a0My students and I focus on how organisms adapt to changing environments.\u00a0 We use a variety of organisms both in the field and under controlled environments to address fundamental questions about the evolution of adaptive phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging traits under fluctuating environments.<\/p>\n<p>Especially useful as model organisms are monocarpic (i.e. reproduce once per lifetime) plants, such as <em>Lobelia inflata<\/em>; and plants with rapid generation times such as <em>Spirodela polyrhiza<\/em>, a member of the duckweed subfamily (Lemnoideae) which are the smallest flowering plants on the planet. We are concerned, too, with the genetic mechanisms underlying expression of life-history traits.<\/p>\n<h2>Selected\u00a0Publications<\/h2>\n<p>Morris, R.S., M.E. Compton, and<strong> A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2020. Birth order as a source of within-genotype\u00a0diversification in the clonal duckweed,\u00a0<em>Spirodela polyrhiza<\/em>\u00a0(Araceae: Lemnoideae).\u00a0<em>Biological\u00a0Journal of the Linnean Society<\/em>\u00a0(In press).<\/p>\n<p>Hitsman, H.W. and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2020. Latitudinal variation in norms of reaction of phenology in\u00a0the greater duckweed\u00a0<em>Spirodela polyrhiza<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Journal of Evolutionary Biology\u00a0<\/em>33:1405-1416.<\/p>\n<p>Wen, L. and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2020. Delusions of grandeur: Seed count is not a good fitness proxy\u00a0under individual variation in phenology.\u00a0<em>Journal of Evolutionary Biology<\/em>. 33:1039-1049.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4t\u00e9, K. and<strong> A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2020.\u00a0Genotype-environment interaction and the maintenance of\u00a0genetic variation: an empirical study of\u00a0<em>Lobelia inflata<\/em>\u00a0(Campanulaceae).\u00a0<em>Roy. Soc. Open Sci.<\/em>\u00a07:191720.<\/p>\n<p>Brady, S. P., \u2026,<strong> A.M. Simons<\/strong>\u00a0et al. 2019. Causes of maladaptation.\u00a0<em>Evolutionary Applications\u00a0<\/em>12:1229-1242.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Van Wieren, J.F., and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2019. Prescribed fire increases seedling recruitment in a\u00a0natural pitch pine (<em>Pinus rigida<\/em>) population at its northern range limit.\u00a0<em>Natural Areas Journal<\/em>\u00a039:308-318.<\/p>\n<p>Brady, S. P., \u2026, <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>\u00a0et al. 2019. Causes of maladaptation.\u00a0<em>Evolutionary Applications<\/em>\u00a012:1229-1242.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Mejbel, H.S., and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2018. Aberrant clones: birth order generates life-history diversity\u00a0in Greater Duckweed,\u00a0<em>Spirodela polyrhiza<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Ecology and Evolution\u00a0<\/em>8:2021-2031.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Fukase, J., and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2016. Increased pollinator activity in urban gardens with more native flora.\u00a0<em>Applied Ecology and Environmental Research<\/em>\u00a014:297-310.<\/p>\n<p>Hughes, P.W.D., and <strong>A.M. Simons.<\/strong> 2015. Microsatellite evidence for obligate autogamy, but\u00a0abundant genetic variation in the herbaceous monocarp<em>\u00a0Lobelia inflata<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Journal of Evolutionary\u00a0Biology\u00a0<\/em>28:2068-2077.<\/p>\n<p>Hughes, P.W.D., and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>.\u00a02014. Changing reproductive effort within a semelparous\u00a0reproductive episode.\u00a0<em>American Journal of Botany<\/em>\u00a0101:1323-1331.<\/p>\n<p>Graham, J.K., M.L. Smith, and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2014. Experimental evolution of bet hedging under\u00a0manipulated environmental uncertainty in\u00a0<em>Neurospora crassa<\/em>.\u00a0<em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/em>\u00a0281: 20140706.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Simons, A.M<\/strong>. 2014. Playing smart vs. playing safe: the joint expression of phenotypic plasticity\u00a0and potential bet hedging across and within thermal environments\u00a0<em>Journal of Evolutionary Biology<\/em>\u00a027:1047-1056.<\/p>\n<p>Hughes, P.W.D., and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2014. Secondary reproduction in the herbaceous monocarp\u00a0Lobelia inflata:\u00a0time-constrained primary reproduction does not result in increased deferral of\u00a0reproductive effort.\u00a0BMC Ecology\u00a014:15.<\/p>\n<p>Hughes, P.W.D., and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2014. The continuum between semelparity and iteroparity:\u00a0Plastic expression of parity in response to season length manipulation in\u00a0<em>Lobelia inflata.\u00a0BMC\u00a0Evolutionary Biology<\/em>\u00a014:90.<\/p>\n<p>Hughes, P.W, A.F. Jaworski, C.S. Davis, S.M. Aitken and <strong>A.M. Simons<\/strong>. 2014. Development of\u00a0polymorphic microsatellite markers for Indian Tobacco\u00a0<em>Lobelia inflata\u00a0<\/em>(Campanulaceae)\u00a0\u00a0<em>Applications in Plant Sciences<\/em>\u00a02: 1300096.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Simons, A.M<\/strong>. 2011. Modes of response to environmental change and the elusive empirical evidence for bet hedging. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/em> 278:1601-1609.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>[<a href=\"#top\">top<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"people-type":[24],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Andrew Simons - Department of Biology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/\",\"name\":\"Andrew Simons - Department of Biology\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2009-10-19T17:02:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-23T16:30:36+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"People\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Andrew Simons\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/\",\"name\":\"Department of Biology\",\"description\":\"Carleton University\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Andrew Simons - Department of Biology","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/","url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/","name":"Andrew Simons - Department of Biology","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/#website"},"datePublished":"2009-10-19T17:02:11+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-23T16:30:36+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/andrew-simons\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"People","item":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/people\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Andrew Simons"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/#website","url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/","name":"Department of Biology","description":"Carleton University","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"acf":{"First Name":"Andrew","Last Name":"Simons","Title":"Professor","Degrees":"B.Sc. 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