{"id":6807,"date":"2018-08-07T10:29:44","date_gmt":"2018-08-07T14:29:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/?p=6807"},"modified":"2018-08-07T10:29:44","modified_gmt":"2018-08-07T14:29:44","slug":"improving-medical-marijuana","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/biology\/2018\/improving-medical-marijuana\/","title":{"rendered":"Improving Medical Marijuana"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dementia, epilepsy, Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Its fiercest advocates insist that cannabis will cure whatever ails you, and there\u2019s no shortage of anecdotes to support these claims. But when it comes to peer-reviewed research, facts are harder to come by.<\/p>\n

Cannabis plants have more than 100 cannabinoids. These chemical compounds influence how messages are sent, received and processed by brain cells, and their proportions vary by strain.<\/p>\n

Recreational cannabis has been bred to have high levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a mind-altering psychoactive cannabinoid which can also have health benefits, such as improving mood and appetite.<\/p>\n

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Carleton Biology Prof. Shelley Hepworth<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Medical marijuana has been bred for its cannabidiol (CBD) content, which alleviates symptoms such as pain, inflammation and anxiety and can also be desirable in recreational strains, even if it doesn\u2019t make users high. Other cannabinoids could have additional medical applications.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s a lot of diversity, and the mechanism of action for cannabinoids is still understudied,\u201d says Carleton Biology Prof.\u00a0Shelley Hepworth<\/a>, who is working on a\u00a0research project<\/a>\u00a0with cannabis giant\u00a0Canopy Growth Corp.<\/a>, whose headquarters are in the former Hershey\u2019s chocolate factory in Smiths Falls, Ont., southwest of Ottawa.<\/p>\n

\u201cThey might have functions in our body. We don\u2019t have that level of detail yet. There are many different cannabinoids, and strains with particular properties could be good for certain illnesses. We could target problems with greater precision.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Increasing Genetic Diversity in Medical Marijuana<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

Funded by a $50,000 grant from the\u00a0Ontario Centres of Excellence<\/a>\u00a0and NSERC, with additional support from Agriculture Canada, the goal of Hepworth\u2019s project is to develop polyploid cannabis plants \u2014 which contain more than two sets of chromosomes \u2014 to increase genetic diversity.<\/p>\n

\u201cPolyploidization for the Improvement of Medical Cannabis<\/em>\u201d duplicates cannabis\u2019 chromosomes. It enables plants to be bred to have characteristics which could otherwise not co-exist and it could lead to better medical cannabis, faster plant growth and novel strains.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have strains that are high THC and others that are high CBD,\u201d says Hepworth. \u201cIf you have high THC, you have low CBD, and vice-versa. It\u2019s an inverse relationship. We are looking to more precisely control the ratio and develop better medical strains.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

This would allow medical cannabis to simultaneously induce appetite with THC, for instance, while also alleviating pain with CBD. If applications for other cannabinoids are identified, their proportion could be increased.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Breaking Through the Red Tape<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n

In a seed germination and cloning room at Canopy\u2019s sprawling Smiths Falls facility, with hands-on help from Canopy special projects research assistant and Carleton Biology master\u2019s graduate, Jessica Parsons, Hepworth is developing polyploid cannabis plants and using flow cytometry to quantify their DNA.<\/p>\n

This technique suspends cells in fluid and passes them single file through a detector that uses lasers to measure their DNA content. Cannabis researchers haven\u2019t always had access to advanced equipment, or even the plant itself, which has been illegal to grow and study. Even amid the process of legalization, there is still plenty of red tape.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere hasn\u2019t been much academic research done on cannabis botany and published in peer-reviewed journals, and certainly not much industry work until recently,\u201d says Katya Boudko, Canopy\u2019s manager of research and development.<\/p>\n

\u201cCertain people have been working with cannabis for a long time, but none of that information is readily available, or has been reviewed for scientific rigour. We\u2019re really at the forefront of making these protocols available for cannabis researchers and the industry.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u201cAcademic partnership possibilities are huge. With us knowing the cannabis side of things, and academics having a background in a specific scientific discipline, we can partner together and do some very cool research.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is really exciting,\u201d adds Hepworth. \u201cBecause cannabis was under prohibition before, we\u2019re now able to develop brand new research techniques that could lead to more options for improving the health of Canadians.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dementia, epilepsy, Tourette\u2019s syndrome. Its fiercest advocates insist that cannabis will cure whatever ails you, and there\u2019s no shortage of anecdotes to support these claims. But when it comes to peer-reviewed research, facts are harder to come by. Cannabis plants have more than 100 cannabinoids. These chemical compounds influence how messages are sent, received and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nImproving Medical Marijuana - Department of Biology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dementia, epilepsy, Tourette\u2019s syndrome. 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