1.0Geography and Environmental Studieshttps://carleton.ca/geographycuthemeedtr5https://carleton.ca/geography/author/cuthemeedtr5/rich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="FjDA5x2149"><a href="https://carleton.ca/geography/event/founders-seminar-presents-dr-alan-rempel/">Founders Seminar presents Dr. Alan Rempel</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://carleton.ca/geography/event/founders-seminar-presents-dr-alan-rempel/embed/#?secret=FjDA5x2149" width="600" height="338" title="“Founders Seminar presents Dr. Alan Rempel” — Geography and Environmental Studies" data-secret="FjDA5x2149" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(d,l){"use strict";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),c=new RegExp("^https?:$","i"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display="none";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):"link"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute("src")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener("message",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute("data-secret"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:t},"*")},!1)))}(window,document); //# sourceURL=https://carleton.ca/geography/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js /* ]]> */ </script> Dr. Alan Rempel, Professor, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon Presents: Towards a more concrete description of freeze-thaw. Abstract: Ice formation is a leading agent of physical weathering in nature and costly deterioration to the built environment. Such frost damage takes place when the pressure exerted against pore walls exceeds the cohesive strength and causes crack extension. […]