Graduate Courses

ANTH 5004 [0.5 credit]
Ecological Anthropology
Theoretical and ethnographic approaches to the production of nature across disciplinary categories and natural-cultural configurations. Specific topics considered may include ecological crisis, indigenous rights and posthuman ethnography.

BIOL 5001 [0.5 credit] (BIO 5101)
Topics in Biotechnology
A course concerned with the use of biological substances and activities of cells, genes, and enzymes in manufacturing, agricultural, and service industries. A different topic will be selected each year.
Prerequisite(s): a course in cell physiology or biochemistry, or permission of the instructor and permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5004 [0.5 credit] (BIO 5104)
Advances in Applied Biochemistry
A practical hands-on course in the field of Biochemistry. This course is run in a laboratory and will train students in highly specialized technique(s) in Biochemistry. The students will run experiments, gather data, assess and analyze the results and present the findings as a seminar.
Also listed as CHEM 5806.

BIOL 5105 [0.5 credit] (BIO 5302)
Methods in Molecular Genetics
Theory and associated applications of emerging methods in molecular genetics, including information gathered from large-scale genome-wide analysis and protein-protein interaction data, and how this information can advance understanding of cell biology.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5106 [0.5 credit] (BIO 5308)
Laboratory Techniques in Molecular Genetics
Laboratory course designed to give students practical experience in recent important techniques in molecular genetics.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5111 [0.5 credit] (BIO 5111)
Biophysical Techniques
Theory and application of current biochemical/biophysical instrumentation and techniques including X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, infrared, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, and isothermal titration and differential scanning calorimetry.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5203 [0.5 credit] (BIO 8303)
Advanced Microscopy
Development of the practical skills of microscopy through original research and supporting theory lectures.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5512 [0.5 credit] (BIO 8105)
Advances in Applied Ecology
The application of ecological and evolutionary principles in addressing resource management challenges and environmental problems.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5514 [0.5 credit] (BIO 5314)
Advances in Aquatic Sciences
Advanced theoretical and applied aquatic sciences including current topics in limnology and oceanography (e.g. impacts of climate change, invasive species, atmospheric pollution) with implications for lake, river, coastal and wetland management.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 5709 [0.5 credit] (BIO 8113)
Chemical Toxicology
An introduction to modeling chemical hazards and exposures at the cellular level. The properties of toxic substances are compared to the responses of enzymatic systems. These interactions are defined as Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships and used to interpret hazardous materials under regulations such as WHMIS.
Also listed as CHEM 5709/CHM 8157.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 6402/CHEM 5708 (BIO 9101/CHM 8156), and permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

BIOL 6403 [0.5 credit] (BIO 9104, CHM 9109, TOX 9104)
Ecotoxicology
Advances in ecotoxicology. Biological effects of contaminants. Potential for biotic perturbance from chronic and acute exposure of ecosystems to selected toxicants. Pesticide, herbicide and pollutant residue analysis and the concept of bound residues.
Also listed as CHEM 5705.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 6402/CHEM 5708 (BIO 9101/CHM 8156), permission of the director or associate director of OCIB.

CDNS 5700 [0.5 credit]
Arctic Passages: The Changing Dynamics of Canada’s North
Interdisciplinary exploration of changing political, economic, and cultural relationships between Inuit and non-Inuit interests in the Canadian Arctic. Emphasis on the role of global processes, such as the rise of the circumpolar movement and environmental change, in mediating these relationships.

CHEM 5001 [0.25 credit] (CHM 8301)
Analytical Mass Spectrometry
The principles of ion sources and mass spectrometers and their applications to problems in chemistry and biochemistry. Introduction to the chemistry of gaseous ions. Ion optics. Special emphasis on interpreting mass spectra.

CHEM 5005 [0.25 credit] (CHM 8327)
Physical Organic Chemistry
Hammet functions, transition state energies, stereochemistry of organic compounds, and mechanisms of organic reactions and their determination.

CHEM 5108 [0.5 credit] (CHM 8302)
Surface Chemistry and Nanostructures
Surface structure, thermodynamics and kinetics, specifically regarding adsorption/desorption and high vacuum models. Nanoscale structures and their formation, reactivity and characterization. Thin films, carbon nanotubes, self-assembled monolayers and supramolecular aggregates.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as CHEM 4103, for which additional credit is precluded.

CHEM 5007 [0.25 credit] (CHM 8310)
Introduction to Photochemistry
Basic principles of photochemistry including selection rules, energy transfer processes and the properties of excited state reactions. Lasers and their applications to measurements of the dynamics of elementary reactions.

CHEM 5206 [0.5 credit] (CHM 8302)
Physical Methods of Nanotechnology
An overview of methods used in nanotechnology. Principles of scanning probe techniques ranging from surface physics to biology. State of the art methods to create nanostructures for future applications in areas such as nanolithography, nanoelectronics, nano-optics, data storage and bio-analytical nanosystems.

CHEM 5304 [0.25 credit] (CHM 8349)
Free Radicals in Chemistry and Biology
Oxidative stress induced by free radicals plays a significant role in fatal and chronic diseases. The chemistry of bio-radicals will be described and related to pathobiological processes such as lipid peroxidation and atherosclerosis, protein nitration and cross linking, and DNA scission.

CHEM 5503 [0.5 credit] (CHM 8354)
Chemical Speciation in the Natural Environment
Metal-organic interactions in the aquatic environment. Evaluation of analytical techniques and their capability for quantitative determination of chemical species (as opposed to total element-determination) in the natural environment. Electrochemical techniques for determination of chemical speciation of nutrient and toxicant elements present in the natural environment.

CHEM 5705 [0.5 credit] (CHM 9109)
Ecotoxicology
Concepts of ecotoxicology, emphasizing whole ecosystem response to hazardous contaminants. Impacts of chronic and acute exposure of ecosystems to toxicants, the methods of pesticide, herbicide and pollutant residue analysis and the concept of bound residues.
Also listed as BIOL 6403 [BIO 9104].
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 6402 (BIO 9101)/CHEM 5708 (CHM 8156).

CHEM 5708 [0.5 credit] (CHM 8156)
Principles of Toxicology
Basic theorems of toxicology with examples of current research problems. Toxic risk is defined as the product of intensive hazard and research problems. Each factor is assessed in scientific and social contexts and illustrated with many types of experimental material.
Also listed as BIOL 6402 [BIO 9101].

CHEM 5806 [0.5 credit]
Advances in Applied Biochemistry
A practical hands-on course in the field of Biochemistry. This course is run in a laboratory and will train students in highly specialized technique(s)in Biochemistry. The students will run experiments, gather data, assess and analyze the results and present the findings as a seminar.
Also listed as BIOL 5004.

CIVE 5300 [0.5 credit] (CVG 7101)
Advanced Soil Mechanics
Effective stress, pore pressure parameters, saturated and partially saturated soils; seepage; permeability tensor, solutions of the Laplace equation; elastic equilibrium; anisotropy, non-homogeneity, consolidation theories; shear strength of cohesive and cohesionless soils; failure and yield criteria.

CIVE 5504 [0.5 credit]
Seepage Through Soils
Surface-subsurface water relations. Steady flow. Flownet techniques. Numerical techniques. Seepage analogy models. Anisotropic and layered soils. Water retaining structures. Safety against erosion and piping. Filter design. Steady and non-steady flow towards wells. Multiple well systems. Subsidence due to ground water pumping.
Precludes additional credit for ENVE 5301.

ERTH 5206 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5306)
Hydrothermal Ore Deposits
Advanced economic geology course on hydrothermal ore deposits including geology and geochemistry, physical and chemical controls on mineralization, recognition and characterization of ore-fluid reservoirs, nature of large-scale fluid flow and alteration, and applications to exploration.

ERTH 5215 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5115)
Natural Hazards in Canada – Risk and Impact
Overview of natural hazards and severe weather phenomena in Canada. Notions of risk, return period, and probability of occurrence of natural disasters. Impact on society and infrastructure. Mitigation policies and strategies.
Also listed as IPIS 5505.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as ERTH 4815, for which additional credit is precluded.

ERTH 5309 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5139)
Glacial and Periglacial Geology
An examination of various sedimentary environments associated with glacial and periglacial processes and their significance for mineral exploration and environmental geochemistry. Study of cold climate non-glacial conditions and the development of permafrost and permafrost-related features, including the effect of groundwater flow on permafrost distribution.

ERTH 5402 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5142)
Environmental Geoscience
A study-seminar course in which students will examine, in depth, certain environmental problems, including geological hazards, mineral and energy consumption and environmental degradation. The relation between development and the environment will be considered.

ERTH 5403 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5143)
Environmental Isotopes and Groundwater Geochemistry
Stable environmental isotopes (18O, 2H, 13C, 34S, 15N) in studies of groundwater origin and flow, and geothermal studies. Groundwater dating techniques involving tritium and radio-carbon, and exotic radioisotopes (e.g.,36Cl, 39Ar, 85Kr). Low temperature aqueous geochemistry and mineral solubility with emphasis on the carbonate system. Some applications to paleoclimatology will be discussed.

ERTH 5406 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5146)
Techniques of Groundwater Resources Evaluation
Governing groundwater flow equations, initial and boundary conditions; simple numerical solutions (spreadsheets); complex numerical solutions (commercial software); and analytical solutions. Applications: aquifer response test analysis, capture zone analysis, groundwater flow modeling, water budgeting, and aquifer vulnerability assessment.

ERTH 5407 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5147)
Geochemistry of Natural Waters
Aqueous speciation, solubility of metals, minerals and gas, reaction kinetics and equilibria. Chemistry and dynamics of groundwaters and hydrothermal fluids.

ERTH 5408 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5148)
Theory of Flow and Contaminant Transport in Geological Materials
Development of governing groundwater flow equations and solute transport equations from first principles, and application of principles in case studies. Topics may include forces and potentials, fluids, geological materials, contaminants, case studies.
Prerequisite(s): undergraduate hydrogeology or instructor’s permission.

ERTH 5409 [0.5 credit]
Reactive Transport Modelling
Introduction to the theory of numerical models and application of reactive transport models in hydrogeology. Focus will be on development of appropriate conceptual models of flow, transport and bio- and geochemical reactions and simulation of these conceptual models using reactive transport codes.

ERTH 5603 [0.5 credit] (GEO 5163)
Stable Isotope Geochemistry
Mechanisms of isotope fractionation in nature; physical and chemical isotope fractionation, kinetic isotope effects. Variation of stable isotope ratios (hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and sulphur) in nature. Preparation techniques of natural samples for isotope analysis. Applications of stable isotopes to study magma genesis, ore genesis, nature of water and formation fluids and sedimentary environments.

ECON 5505 [0.5 credit] (ECO 6172, ECO 6572)
Economic Development: International Aspects
Key problems of international economic development such as trade in primary commodities and manufactures, financial flows and debt, the role of multinational corporations, the transfer of technology, and the international dimensions of environmental issues as they relate to developing countries.

ECON 5507 [0.5 credit] (ECO 6173, ECO 6573)
Environmental Aspects of Economic Development
Policy aspects of sustainable economic development and environmental quality in developing countries. Topics may include energy use, deforestation, drought and desertification, depletion of natural resources, debt, environment and poverty, sustainable industrial and agricultural development, conservation policies, pollution control, and global environmental issues.

ECON 5803 [0.5 credit] (ECO 6143, ECO 6543)
Economics of Natural Resources
The concept of scarcity rents in static and dynamic settings. Basic property regimes: open access, exclusive access and common property. Policy instruments. The importance of transaction costs. General-equilibrium and political-economic aspects of property regimes. Conflict. Elements of dynamic optimization. Renewable and non-renewable resources.
Precludes additional credit for ECON 5305 (no longer offered).

ECON 5804 [0.5 credit] (ECO 6151, ECO 6551)
Economics of the Environment
Theory of environmental regulation, including command and control, incentive based mechanisms, effects of market structure, and interactions with pre-existing taxes. Valuation of non-marketed goods, including existence value, contingent valuation, hedonic price methods, health impacts, irreversibility, and recreational benefits.
Precludes additional credit for ECON 5306 (no longer offered).

ECON 5805 [0.5 credit] (ECO 6134, ECO 6534)
Topics in Environmental and Resource Economics
Topics may include: international dimensions of environmental regulation, including treaties, competitiveness, and the effects of trade liberalization; development issues, including fiscal sustainability, Dutch disease, the resource curse, and population growth; resource topics, including optimal taxation, green national accounts, sustainability theory, and scarcity of extractive resources.

ECON 5820 [0.5 credit]
The Canadian Economy
Aspects and problems of the Canadian economy. Economic theory applied to the workings of the Canadian economy. Topics may include regional development, industrial organization, factor markets, natural resources, income distribution, international trade and capital flows, and macroeconomic stability.
Precludes additional credit for ECON 5101 (no longer offered) and ECON 5102 (no longer offered).

ENVE 5001 [0.5 credit] (CVG 7160)
Biofilm Processes
Physical, chemical properties, microbial ecology of biofilms. Biofilm processes, attachment, growth, sloughing. Transport and interfacial transfer phenomena; mass transfer models, mass transport in biofilms, deposition of solids. Modeling biofilm systems; species models, mass balance equations, boundary conditions, moving boundary problem, analytical and numerical solutions.

ENVE 5003 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7143)
Advanced Ultraviolet Processes
Fundamentals and applications of ultraviolet (UV) light-based processes for water and wastewater treatment; principles of photochemistry and photobiology, methods of UV dose determination, UV disinfection of microorganisms, advanced oxidation processes, and design of UV disinfection systems and reactors.

ENVE 5004 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7144)
Advanced Wastewater Treatment
Fundamentals, applications, and design of biological, physical, and chemical treatment processes employed for advanced treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater. Reuse applications and guidelines.

ENVE 5201 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7201)
Geo-Environmental Engineering
Landfill design; hydrogeologic principles, water budget, landfill liners, geosynthetics, landfill covers, quality control and quality assurance, clay/leachate interaction, composite liner design and leachate collection systems. Landfill operation, maintenance and monitoring. Design of environmental control and containment systems; slurry walls, grout curtains, Case studies.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as ENVE 4002, for which additional credit is precluded.

ENVE 5203 [0.5 credit] (EVG 5203)
Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
Classification of hazardous, radioactive and mixed wastes, hazardous waste treatment processes, wastes generated in the nuclear fuel cycle, radioactive waste classification, radioactive waste treatment and management of residuals, engineered systems for long-term isolation and disposal, mixed waste management.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as ENVE 4101, for which additional credit is precluded.

ENVE 5204 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7134)
Resource Industry Waste Management
Application of geotechnique and hydraulics to management of resource extraction residuals such as tailings, waste rock, and sludge from hard rock mines and bitumen extraction operations. Geotechnique of conventional and high density tailings disposal. Pipeline transport of concentrated suspensions. Closure technologies for mine waste impoundments.

ENVE 5205 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7132)
Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Aspects of sludge treatment, management, and disposal; sludge generation and characterization, thickening, preliminary treatment processes, aerobic and anaerobic digestion, lime stabilization, conditioning, dewatering, composting, land application and other disposal options, and thermal processes.

ENVE 5301 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7301)
Contaminant Hydrogeology
Theory of flow through porous media; soil characterization, soil properties, anisotropy, heterogeneity. Contaminant transport. Well hydraulics and pump tests. Introduction to numerical modeling; finite difference, finite elements, conceptual model, boundary conditions. Site remediation and remediation technologies.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as ENVE 4006, for which additional credit is precluded.

ENVE 5302 [0.5 credit] (CVG 7163)
Case Studies in Hydrogeology
Development of a conceptual model; chemistry, geology and hydrology, site characterization, initial and boundary conditions. Application of industry-recognized computer codes to model flow and contaminant transport at a particular site. Evaluation of remedial alternatives at a site. Modeling of the more common remediation technologies (soil vapour extraction, air sparging, pump and treat, biodegradation).

ENVE 5303 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7303)
Multiphase Flow in Soils
Theory of unsaturated flow and multiphase flow; capillary pressure-saturation relationships, relative permeability relationships, wettability, hysteresis, fluid entrapment, residual saturations, governing equations for flow and transport. Richard’s Equation for unsaturated flow. Modeling of multiphase flow.

ENVE 5401 [0.5 credit] (EVG 7401)
Environmental Impacts of Major Projects
Regulatory framework and impact assessment requirements for project approvals, survey of the components of the EIA process and methodology, the review process, public participation in environmental decision-making, preparation of the EIA document, case studies of major engineering projects.

GEOG 5005 [0.5 credit]
Global Environmental Change: Human Implications
Global environmental change: its significance for societies, economies and international relations. Value systems underlying environmental discourse; political economy of the environment; sustainability and security. Environmental diplomacy and grassroots environmentalism. Regionalized impacts of pressures on natural environments; challenges of adaptation.
Also listed as INAF 5701.

GEOG 5103 [0.5 credit]
Hydrologic Principles and Methods
Advanced physical hydrology with emphasis on atmospheric moisture, precipitation, evaporation, infiltration, soil water physics, snow hydrology and runoff generation. Analytical approaches and methods to solve practical hydrological problems.

GEOG 5104 [0.5 credit]
Advanced Biogeography
Current methods and theories in paleoecology are examined: dendrochronology, paleolimnology and other techniques for examining past climates and environmental condition. Numerical approaches to climate change studies.

GEOG 5303 [0.5 credit]
Geocryology
Development of ground ice in permafrost regions of Canada; ice segregation and pore-water expulsion during ground freezing; analytical and numerical approaches to modeling permafrost conditions.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 4108 or permission of the Department.

GEOG 5701 [0.5 credit]
Topics in Northern Human Geography
Political, social, economic, cultural, and environmental geographies of the Canadian North and/or circumpolar North. Topics may include climate change, resource development, politics and governance, knowledge and expertise, geopolitics, sovereignty, colonialism, Indigenous knowledge, Indigenous self-determination, conservation and wildlife, environmental politics.

GEOG 6000/6001 [0.5 credit]
Doctoral Core Seminar: Geography, Society and the Environment
Geographical perspectives on the development of society/environment interrelations in Western thought and critiques thereof. The course is designed to represent and address integrative issues in the two fields of the program, the geography of social change and the geography of environmental change.

GEOG 6006/6007 [0.5 credit]
Field Seminar: Geography of ­Environmental Change
Analysis of geographical and related research into the appraisal and societal management of environmental resources, and environmental processes and anthropogenic impacts.

HLTH 5603 [0.25 credit]
Special Topics in Environmental Health
Selected topics in environmental health, focusing on areas of specific relevance to the health sector, not available in regular program offerings. These courses are designed to provide depth of expertise and/or specific skills relevant to the workplace.

INAF 5006 [0.5 credit]
Food Security and Rural Development
How the agricultural sector affects rural development and food security. Topics include an examination of the global agricultural market, biofuels, structural change in agriculture and agrarian reform, agriculture and the environment, and public policies affecting agriculture and rural development.

INAF 5410 [0.5 credit]
Global Public Policy
Public policy at the international level, including the roles of international institutions, states, non-governmental organizations and business in problem sloving, policy making and governance. Examples of global policy problems include labour rights, public health, financial regulation, internet governance and environment.

INAF 5701 [0.5 credit]
Global Environmental Change: Human Implications
Global environmental change; its significance for societies, economies and international relations. Value systems underlying environmental discourse; political economy of the environment; sustainability and security. Environmental diplomacy and grassroots environmentalism. Regionalized impacts of pressures on natural environments; challenges of adaptation.
Also listed as GEOG 5005.

INAF 5702 [0.5 credit]
International Environmental Affairs
International environmental issues, with a focus on policy options and institutions relevant to addressing these issues. Topics include the relationship between the environment and trade, investment, globalization, development and conflict.
Precludes additional credit for INAF 5409 (formerly 46.549U)(taken in 2002/03).

INAF 5703 [0.5 credit]
International Public Economics
The economic analysis of institutions and of factors associated with global governance, including theories of cooperation, bureaucratic behaviour, externalities, common resource and environmental problems, public goods and other economic theories for state intervention applied to the international level.

INAF 5801 [0.5 credit]
Regional Cooperation Among Developing Countries
The discourse between traditional and Southern theorists on regional integration among developing countries. The effects of regional trade, governance, investment, security and environmental agreements on development.

MECH 5009 [0.5 credit] (MCG 5309)
Environmental Fluid Mechanics Relating to Energy Utilization
Characteristics of energy sources and emissions into the environment. The atmosphere; stratification and stability, equations of motion, simple winds, mean flow, turbulence structure and dispersion near the ground. Flow and dispersion in groundwater, rivers, lakes and oceans. Physical and analytical modeling of environmental flows.

PSCI 5008 [0.5 credit]
The Politics of Climate Change
The politics and policy of climate change. Development of the climate change issues, international negotiations and agreements, national response strategies, perspectives on social and technological change, and the Canadian policy approach.

PSCI 5810 [0.5 credit]
Approaches to Environmental Politics
Theoretical and methodological approaches to research in the field of environmental politics, including but not limited to public policy research. A variety of institutionalist, political economy, political ecology, and post-modern approaches will be examined.

PADM 5120 [0.5 credit]
Modern Challenges to Governance
Modern challenges to states, citizens, and policy-making, explored with the help of contemporary and historical thinkers. Topics may include: inequality; national security and intelligence gathering; identity; globalization and global finance; trade agreements and property rights; climate change and environmental challenges.
Precludes additional credit for PADM 5115.

PADM 5512 [0.5 credit]
International Politics of Sustainable Energy
Recent historical and contemporary developments in the role of energy in inter- and intranational relations, involving such topics as Canada/US relations, the international political economy of oil, energy security, and climate change.

PADM 5515 [0.5 credit]
Sustainable Energy Policy
The institutions involved in energy policy, the processes through which policy is made, and the substantive energy-related issues currently preoccupying policy makers.
Precludes additional credit for PADM 5615.

PADM 5614 [0.5 credit]
Natural Resource Management
Governance and management of natural resources from a Canadian and international perspective. The use of various management instruments, regulatory approaches and community-based and co-management institutions are evaluated with evidence from several case studies from around the world.

PADM 5615 [0.5 credit]
Politics and Policy of Energy in Canada
Dilemmas associated with energy policy in Canada. Economic, social and environmental dimensions of energy decision making; Canadian issues within the context of a changing international scene and long term energy transitions.
Precludes additional credit for PADM 5515.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as PADM 4615, for which additional credit is precluded.

PADM 5616 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Policy
Canadian environmental policies and programs set in a comparative political-economic and institutional context.
Precludes additional credit for PADM 4008 and PADM 5008.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as PADM 4616, for which additional credit is precluded.

PADM 5617 [0.5 credit]
Implementing Sustainable Development in Industrialized Countries
Genesis and evolution of the idea of sustainable development and the ways in which it is influencing public policy and public sector structures and processes. Canada’s performance in implementing sustainable development will be assessed in comparison with other industrialized countries.

PADM 5618 [0.5 credit]
Environmental and Ecological Economics
Environmental and ecological economics with applications to public policy and environmental management issues. Concepts of sustainability, non-market valuation and ecological stability, the determination of environmental targets, and the use of policy instruments, incentives and emissions markets.
Prerequisite(s): PADM 5127 or equivalent.

PADM 5619 [0.5 credit]
Urban Sustainability
Impact of economic growth and social change on cities and their attempts to forge sustainable growth. Incorporating political and fiscal issues, the focus is on ‘smart growth’ policies and initiatives in areas such as environmental control, transport, land use, housing and infrastructure.

PADM 5620 [0.5 credit]
The Science, Politics and Economics of Global Climate Change
Scientific issues at the core of climate change and the domestic and international policy responses. Various environmental, economic, and political implications for both the developed and developing worlds and for the various regions of Canada.

PADM 5719 [0.5 credit]
Aboriginal Health and Social Policy
Development and delivery of health and social policies pertinent to Aboriginal people living in diverse circumstances in Canada; theories and practices.

PADM 5813 [0.5 credit]
The Evolution of World Bank/IMF Policy Conditionality
The changing nature of World Bank/IMF policy conditionality with emphasis on the period since the onset of the 1982 debt crisis.
Precludes additional credit for PADM 5808.

PADM 5817 [0.5 credit]
Health Policy in Developing Countries
Debates regarding health policy in the developing world, in the context of the global health sector reform movement, trade and intellectual property regimes, and strategies of corporate and NGO actors. Issues of gender, class and the determinants of health.
Also listed as IDMG 5617.
Also offered at the undergraduate level, with different requirements, as PADM 4817, for which additional credit is precluded.

SERG 5000 [0.5 credit]
Cross Disciplinary Course in Sustainable Energy
This course integrates concepts and frameworks drawn from engineering and policy studies appropriate to sustainable energy, using case studies to introduce the challenges of interdisciplinary work in sustainable energy.
Prerequisite(s): SERG 5001 or SERG 5002.