Undergraduate-level Courses

Technical Architecture (ARCC)

ARCC 3004 [0.5 credit]
Workshop: Energy and Form
Relationship between environmental factors, energy and architectural form. Ways in which buildings and building elements can be planned and designed to take advantage of natural cycles in order to minimize the need for supportive energy inputs. (Workshop).
Prerequisite(s): permission of the School.
Lecture, seminar, lab or field work six hours a week.

Architecture Theory/History (ARCH)

ARCH 2101 [0.5 credit]
Industrial Design Analysis
Analysis of various industrial design problems, including: relationship with principal techniques and mass-production technology; uniformity and variety; specialty and versatility in production; tolerances; ergonomics and anthroprometrics; industrial design and environment; future industrial design approaches to pollution and resource conservation; adaptation of value-analyses to industrial design. (Elective Course).
Also listed as IDES 1001.
Prerequisite(s): ARCH 2006 or IDES 1000.
Lectures three hours a week.

Urban Architecture (ARCU)

ARCU 3303 [1.0 credit]
Urbanism in Practice 1: Urbanism in the Core
Intensification, revitalization, gentrification, brownfield redevelopment, sustainability, development standards, form-based codes, and the larger impact of migration on urban density. Through design, students explore the ramifications of practices, policies, pressures, processes and cultural preferences on the evolving form and function of the urban core.
Precludes additional credit for ARCU 3102 and ARCU 3301 (no longer offered).
Prerequisite(s): ARCN 2105, ARCU 3405 or ARCU 3501, and third-year standing in BAS (Urbanism) or permission of the School.
Lecture and workshop eight hours per week.

ARCU 3304 [1.0 credit]
Urbanism in Practice 2: Urbanism on the Periphery
Urbanization, sprawl, growth models, land consumption, containment strategies (smart growth, greenbelts, growth boundaries), edge cities, the Just City, Ecological Urbanism, and informal suburbanization in developed and developing countries. Through design, students explore the impact of practices, pressures, processes and cultural preferences on the expanding city.
Precludes additional credit for ARCU 3101 and ARCU 3302 (no longer offered).
Prerequisite(s): ARCN 2105, ARCU 3303 and third-year standing in BAS (Urbanism) or permission of the School.
Lecture and workshop eight hours per week.

BIOL 1010 [0.5 credit]
Biotechnology and Society
A course for students interested in the science behind recent advances in biotechnology. The different ways in which biotechnology is being applied in agriculture, health care, and the environment will be examined. Preclusion: credit will not be given if taken concurrently with, or after BIOL 2200 or BIOC 2200 or BIOL 2201. Students in Biology and Biochemistry programs may only take this course as a free elective.
Lectures three hours a week.

BIOL 2301 [0.5 credit]
Biotechnology I
An introductory course on the science, technology, entrepreneurial skills and business considerations related to biotechnology. The course will survey broadly across the disciplines of Biology, including applications in agriculture, health, environment and industry.
Prerequisite(s): (BIOL 1003 and BIOL 1004) or (BIOL 1103 and BIOL 1104) or permission of the department.
Lectures and workshops three hours a week

BIOL 2303 [0.5 credit]
Microbiology
The biology of the bacteria, Archaea, Viruses and Protozoans, from the fundamentals of cell chemistry, molecular biology, structure and function, to their involvement in ecological and industrial processes and human disease.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 1003 or BIOL 1103.
Lectures three hours a week.

BIOL 2600 [0.5 credit]
Introduction to Ecology
The scientific study of interactions of living organisms and their environment, and how these affect the distribution and abundance of life. Topics include energy transformation and flow, nutrient cycling, population and community dynamics, human impacts on ecosystems, conservation issues. Laboratory includes field and computer exercises.
Prerequisite(s): (BIOL 1003 and BIOL 1004), or (BIOL 1103 and BIOL 1104) or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory or tutorial four hours a week.

BIOL 3601 [0.5 credit]
Ecosystems and Environmental Change
Exploration of the unique contribution of the ecosystem approach to ecology, and of early key literature in ecosystem ecology through to current work on global environmental change.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 2600.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory four hours a week in six sessions.

BIOL 3602 [0.5 credit]
Conservation Biology
The science of biology as applied to the problem of maintaining species diversity. Topics include: history of conservation biology, valuation of species, indices of biodiversity, extinction, conservation genetics, conservation planning in parks and reserves, landscape ecology and case studies of conservation problems.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 2600 or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week and laboratory/workshop three hours a week.

CHEM 2303 [0.5 credit]
Analytical Chemistry II
Spectrophotometric analysis using Uv-Vis, fluorescence and FTIR instrumentation. Modern separation methods including CE, GC and LC. Recent techniques and applications using mass spectrometry. Applications of all of the above to real-world analysis including the advancement of environmental, biochemistry and health-related research.
Precludes additional credit for CHEM 2300 and CHEM 2301.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 1006 with a minimum grade of B-, or CHEM 1002, or CHEM 1101, (MATH 1007 or MATH 1004) and MATH 1107.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

CHEM 2800 [0.5 credit]
Foundations for Environmental Chemistry
A basis of chemistry needed to understand the environment: composition of the atmosphere and natural waters; equilibrium; surface properties; kinetics and spectroscopy; physical and chemical properties of chemicals in the environment. Limited enrolment course. Priority is given to students in Environmental Science/Engineering.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 1006 with a minimum grade of B- or CHEM 1002, or CHEM 1101, (MATH 1007 or MATH 1004).
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

CHEM 3700 [0.5 credit]
Industrial Applications of Chemistry
Uses of chemistry in a number of industries: fertilizers, electrochemical, metallurgical, petrochemical, pulp and paper, plastics, pharmaceutical. Interaction of chemistry with economic, political, engineering, environmental, health, legal considerations. Guest lecturers.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 2103 and one of CHEM 2207 or CHEM 2203.

CHEM 3800 [0.5 credit]
The Chemistry of Environmental Pollutants
Inorganic and organic environmental pollutants: their toxicology, production, use pattern and known effects on the environment. Aspects of risk and regulation. Chemistry involved in water and sewage treatment.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 2207 or CHEM 2203 or CHEM 2800.
Lectures three hours a week.

CIVE 3208 [0.5 credit]
Geotechnical Mechanics
Soil composition and soil classification. Soil properties, compaction, seepage and permeability. Concepts of pore water pressure, capillary pressure and hydraulic head. Principle of effective stress, stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soils, consolidation, stress distribution with soils, and settlement. Laboratory testing.
Also listed as ERTH 4107.
Prerequisite(s): third-year status in Engineering, or permission of the department. Additional recommended background: ERTH 2404 or equivalent.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

CIVE 3209 [0.5 credit]
Building Science
Building envelope design and analysis; applied heat transfer and moisture transport; solar radiation; hygrothermal modelling; control of rain, air, vapour, and heat; materials for wall, window, curtain wall, roof, and foundation systems; building envelope retrofit case studies; building code; envelope construction.
Prerequisite(s): MAAE2400 and third-year status in B.Eng. Architectural Conservation and Sustainability Engineering or in Civil Engineering.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

CIVE 4208 [0.5 credit]
Geotechnical Engineering
Strength of soils, steady state seepage, flownets and piping. Stress distribution in soils. Earth pressures: at rest, active and passive. Design of flexible and rigid retaining structures. Stability of excavations, slopes and embankments. Settlement of foundations. Bearing capacity of footings.
Prerequisite(s): CIVE 3208.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

CIVE 4303 [0.5 credit]
Urban Planning
A systematic approach to urban planning; urban sprawl; data collection; forecasting; standards; space requirements; land use; zoning; transportation; land development; site selection; land capability; layout; evaluation; housing; urban renewal and new towns.
Also listed as GEOG 4303.
Prerequisite(s): fourth-year status in Engineering, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

CIVE 4307 [0.5 credit]
Municipal Hydraulics
Fluid flow fundamentals. Hydraulics of pipe systems. Open channel flow. Prediction of sanitary and storm sewage, flow rates. Design of water distribution systems, culverts, sanitary and storm sewers. Pumps and measuring devices. Hydraulic and flow control structures.
Prerequisite(s): MAAE 2300.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis 1.

CIVE 4407 [0.5 credit]
Municipal Engineering
Introduction to fundamentals of municipal engineering. Water quality: physical, chemical and biological parameters. Water treatment: softening mixing, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, fluoridation. Biological processes. Wastewater treatment: primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Sludge disposal and wastewater reuse. Solid waste management.
Prerequisite(s): fourth-year status in Engineering.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis 1.

ERTH 2402 [0.5 credit]
Climate Change: An Earth Sciences Perspective
An exploration of the often dramatic climate changes that have occurred through earth history from a geological perspective, emphasizing the history of earth climates, geological causes of climate change and impact that rapid climate change has had on the biosphere.
Lectures three hours a week.

ERTH 2403 [0.5 credit]
Introduction to Oceanography
An environmental approach to understanding the oceans; introducing the physical and biological aspects of oceanography, marine resources and marine pollution.
Lectures three hours per week.

ERTH 2404 [0.5 credit]
Engineering Geoscience
Applications of the basic concepts of geology, earth materials and earth processes to practical engineering and environmental science. Topics include rock and soil mechanics, slope stability, hydrogeology, geological hazards, and site investigations. Overview of related geophysical methods.
Precludes additional credit for ERTH 2414 (no longer offered) and ERTH 1006.
Prerequisite(s): completion of first year of any B.Eng. program.
Lectures three hours a week and a laboratory three hours a week.

ERTH 2415 [0.5 credit]
Natural Disasters
Physical characteristics and causes of natural disasters of geological origin such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami, landslides, hurricanes and meteor impacts. Discussion on historical perspective, societal impact and mitigation strategies. Emphasis on Canadian case histories.
Precludes additional credit for ERTH 1003 (no longer offered).
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing in any degree program. With the exception of the Minor in Earth Sciences, available as a free elective only in any B.Sc. program, including Earth Sciences.
Lectures three hours a week.

ERTH 3205 [0.5 credit]
Physical Hydrogeology
Principles of deep- to shallow fluid flow within the Earth’s crust, and introduction to the exploration, development and management of groundwater as a global resource.
Prerequisite(s): ERTH 1006 and (ERTH 1009 or GEOG 2013).
Lecture three hours a week and a laboratory three hours a week.

ERTH 3206 [0.5 credit]
Oceanography: Its Modern and Geologic Records
Composition and movement of the oceans, processes of sediment production and its distribution, ocean/climate interactions, geological proxies for ancient oceanographic conditions, and cyclic sedimentary and geochemical patterns.
Precludes additional credit for ERTH 3208.
Prerequisite(s): ERTH 2314.
Lectures three hours a week and a laboratory three hours a week.

ERTH 3208 [0.5 credit]
Oceanography: An Earth Sciences Perspective
The principal geological, physical, chemical and biological oceanographic processes and their interaction in today’s oceans in comparison to a succession of critical stages of oceanographic development through geologic time.
Precludes additional credit for ERTH 3206.
Prerequisite(s): (ERTH 1006 or ERTH 1010) and (ERTH 1009 or ERTH 1011).
Lectures three hours a week.

ERTH 4107 [0.5 credit]
Geotechnical Mechanics
Soil composition and soil classification. Soil properties, compaction, seepage and permeability. Concepts of pore water pressure, capillary pressure and hydraulic head. Principle of effective stress, stress-deformation and strength characteristics of soils, consolidation, stress distribution with soils, and settlement. Laboratory testing.
Also listed as CIVE 3208.
Prerequisite(s): ERTH 2406 and ERTH 3405.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

ERTH 4206 [0.5 credit]
Contaminant and Remediation Hydrogeology
Geochemical and physical processes controlling contaminant release, migration, and fate in groundwater along with the processes and techniques used for contaminant mitigation and remediation. Examples will include organic and inorganic contaminants in a variety of settings.
Prerequisite(s): ERTH 3003 and ERTH 3205.
Lectures and seminars three hours per week.

ERTH 4303 [0.5 credit]
Resources of the Earth
Earth’s resources: where they occur, how they are concentrated, how they are extracted and used, and how human exploitation of natural resources impacts on the environment.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in any degree program.
Lectures three hours a week.

ERTH 4306 [0.5 credit]
Resource Basin Analysis
Surface and subsurface geological and geophysical techniques used to define the distribution and origin of geological basins, the architecture of basin fill, and characterize the distribution of water, petroleum and mineral resources.
Prerequisite(s): ERTH 3203 or ERTH 3206, ERTH 3205, and ERTH 3806.
Lectures, seminars and laboratory five hours a week.

ERTH 4815 [0.5 credit]
Natural Hazards in Canada
Overview of the main natural hazards (such as floods, landslides, forest fires, earthquakes) and severe weather phenomena (such as ice storms, hail, tornadoes) in the Canadian environment. Risk of catastrophic events and their impact on society and infrastructure.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in earth science programs or permission of the department.
Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as ERTH 5215 and IPIS 5505, for which additional credit is precluded.
Lectures three hours a week.

ECON 3803 [0.5 credit]
The Economics of Natural Resources
The application of economic analysis to questions concerning natural-resource use, management and conservation, as well as market failures and environmental effects. Policy problems relating to natural resources are discussed.
Precludes additional credit for ECON 3805 (no longer offered).
Prerequisite(s): ECON 1000 or FYSM 1003.
Lectures three hours a week.

ECON 3804 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Economics
Microeconomic analysis of environmental issues. Frameworks for measuring environmental costs and benefits. The efficiency of alternative pollution control policies. Applications include air and water pollution and global environmental problems such as ozone depletion and global warming.
Precludes additional credit for ECON 3806 (no longer offered).
Prerequisite(s): ECON 1000 or FYSM 1003.
Lectures three hours a week.

ECON 3820 [0.5 credit]
Topics in Canadian Economic Policy
Economic analysis applied to selected policy areas, issues or institutions. One or more of the following topics may be dealt with: decision-making by bureaucratic institutions, policy problems arising from poverty, the economics of natural resources and pollution, urban economics.
Precludes additional credit for ECON 3800 (no longer offered).
Prerequisite(s): ECON 1000 or FYSM 1003.
Lectures three hours a week.

ENVE 2001 [0.5 credit]
Process Analysis for Environmental Engineering
Material and energy balances for reacting and non-reacting systems. Applications in mining, metallurgy, pulp and paper, power generation, energy utilization. Emissions to the environment per unit product or service generated. Introduction to life cycle analysis, comparative products and processes.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 1002 or CHEM 1101 or equivalent, and MAAE 2400 (may be taken concurrently).
Lectures two hours a week, problem analysis three hours a week.

ENVE 2002 [0.5 credit]
Microbiology
The biology of the Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses and Protozoans, from the fundamentals of cell chemistry, molecular biology, structure and function, to their involvement in ecological and industrial processes and human disease.
Also listed as BIOL 2303.
Precludes additional credit for BIOL 3301.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 1003 or CHEM 1002 or CHEM 1101 or equivalent.
Lectures three hours a week.

ENVE 3001 [0.5 credit]
Water Treatment Principles and Design
Theoretical aspects of unit operations for water treatment with design applications. Topics include water characteristics and contaminants, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane processes, disinfection and disinfection by-products, and management of water treatment residuals. Laboratory procedures: settling operations, filtration, aeration, and adsorption.
Prerequisite(s): ENVE 3002.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

ENVE 3002 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Engineering Systems Modeling
Engineered systems for pollution abatement; chemical reaction engineering; reaction kinetics and rate data analysis; design and modeling of reactors; single and multiple reactions; ideal and nonideal reactors; single and multi-parameter models; biochemical reaction engineering; process control. Laboratory procedures: reactor systems performance: Batch, CSTR and PFR.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 1002 or CHEM 1101 or equivalent and MATH 2004. Additional recommended background: ENVE 2001.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

ENVE 3003 [0.5 credit]
Water Resources Engineering
A quantitative analysis of natural water systems and the development of these systems as a resource. Components of the hydrologic cycle. Quantitative analysis of stream flow. Probability concepts in water resources. Reservoir design and operation. Hydraulic properties and availability of groundwater. Storm water management.
Prerequisite(s): recommended background: MAAE 2300.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week.

ENVE 3004 [0.5 credit]
Contaminant and Pollutant Transport in the Environment
Physical phenomenon governing the transport of contaminants in the environment: diffusion, advection, dispersion, sorption, interphase transfer. Derivation and application of transport equations in air, surface and groundwater pollution; analytical and numerical solutions. Equilibrium partitioning of contaminants among air, water, sediment, and biota.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 1002 or CHEM 1101 or equivalent; ENVE 3002.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week.

ENVE 4002 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Geotechnical Engineering
Landfill design; hydrogeologic principles, water budget, landfill liners, geosynthetics, landfill covers, quality control/quality assurance, clay leachate interaction, composite liner design and leak detection. Landfill operation, maintenance and monitoring. Case studies of landfill design and performance. Geotechnical design of environmental control and containment systems.
Prerequisite(s): ENVE 3004, CIVE 3208.
Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as ENVE 5201/EVG 7201, for which additional credit is precluded.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week.

ENVE 4005 [0.5 credit]
Wastewater Treatment Principles and Design
Theoretical aspects of unit operations and processes for wastewater treatment with design applications. Topics include wastewater characteristics, flow rates, primary treatment, chemical unit processes, biological treatment processes, advanced wastewater treatment, disinfection, biosolids treatment and disposal. Laboratory procedures: activated sludge, anaerobic growth, chemical precipitation, disinfection.
Prerequisite(s): ENVE 3001, ENVE 3002.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week, laboratory three hours alternate weeks.

ENVE 4006 [0.5 credit]
Contaminant Hydrogeology
Theory of flow through porous media. Site investigation: geology, hydrology and chemistry. Contaminant transport. Unsaturated and multiphase flow. Numerical modeling. Site remediation and remediation technologies.
Prerequisite(s): ENVE 3004 and MAAE 2300. Additional recommended background: ENVE 3003.
Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as ENVE 5301/EVG 7301, for which additional credit is precluded.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

ENVE 4101 [0.5 credit]
Waste Management
Municipal, hazardous, and mine waste management. Waste composition and potential impacts, collection and transport, recycling and reuse, biological and thermal treatments, isolation. Integrated waste management planning.
Prerequisite(s): ENVE 3001, ENVE 3002 and ENVE 3004.
Also offered at the graduate level, with different requirements, as ENVE 5203/EVG 5203, for which additional credit is precluded.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week.

ENSC 2001 [0.5 credit]
Earth Resources and Natural Hazards: Environmental Impacts
Environmental impact of mineral, energy and water resource exploitation and impact of hazardous Earth processes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and others: their prediction and mitigation.
Lectures three hours per week.

ENSC 3000 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Science and Management: Theory and Practice
Theoretical and practical perspectives related to environmental science and management; Emphasis on real-world problems associated with human activities and development of solutions in natural and built environments; Hands-on experience with environmental monitoring and restoration. A supplementary fee will apply.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in Environmental Science or permission of the Institute.
Field trips, lectures and workshops, 7 hours per week (delivered on a single day).

ENSC 3106 [0.5 credit]
Aquatic science and Management
Fundamentals of aquatic science. The physical, chemical, and biotic aspects of lake, river, and estuary systems including human impacts, management and conservation.
Also listed as GEOG 3106.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing and a second year science or engineering course.
Workshop four hours per week.

ENSC 4002 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Decisions
The regulatory and scientific aspects of environmental management decisions, including risk analysis and mitigation, managing chronic and acute environmental impacts, and conservation of species and landscapes. Students will use real-world case studies to learn traditional and cutting-edge decision-making tools.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in any B.Sc. program or permission of the Institute.
Workshops three hours per week.

ENST 1001 [1.0 credit]
Introduction to Environmental Studies
Sustainability requires broadened perspectives on the Earth’s natural systems. Geographic and geomatics perspectives help us examine physical and biological environments as the basis of human societies. Includes: landscape interpretation, resources, hazards, inferring meaning from data, and predicting potential impacts of/on human actions.
Precludes additional credit for FYSM 1100.
Lecture two hours and workshops/tutorials two hours weekly.

ENST 1020 [0.5 credit]
People, Places and Environments
Introduction to human geography. Examination of relationships between people, communities, society and the natural environment at local to global scales. Population change, cultural patterns, and historical, economic, political and environmental forces that shape human activity and experiences from place to place.
Also listed as GEOG 1020.
Lectures two hours a week and tutorial one hour a week.

ENST 2000 [0.5 credit]
Nature, Environment and Society: Theoretical Perspectives
Examination of the shifting understandings of nature, the environment, and nature-society relations. Topics include nature as a concept, people’s relationships to the environment across the globe, environmental movements and institutions, narratives of environmental change, and political ecology approaches to understanding and combating environmental degradation.
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing in the Environmental Studies program or permission of the Department.
Lecture two hours a week, discussion one hour a week.

ENST 2001 [0.5 credit]
Sustainable Futures: Environmental Challenges and Solutions
Individual and collective responses to pressing environmental problems. Innovative ways in which the environment can be protected and restored, taking into consideration socioeconomic, political and cultural factors. Topics include environmental lifestyles, sustainable communities, food systems, environmental design, and political activism.
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing in the Environmental Studies program or permission of the Department.
Lectures, seminars and field work three hours a week.

ENST 2500 [0.5 credit]
Climate Change: Social Science Perspectives
An introduction to climate change, with an emphasis on human dimensions. Topics include anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, regional variations in climate change and their consequences, human vulnerability and adaptation to environmental change, and climate change politics and policies at a variety of geographic scales.
Also listed as GEOG 2500.
Prerequisite(s): ENST 1020 or GEOG 1020, or second-year standing.
Lectures three hours a week.

ENST 3022 [0.5 credit]
Environmental and Natural Resources
Exploration of complexity, dynamics, uncertainty and equity issues underpinning environmental and resource issues; review and appraisal of selected contemporary methods to assess and manage environmental and natural resources.
Also listed as GEOG 3022.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in Geography or Environmental Studies or permission of the Department.
Lecture three hours a week.

FYSM 1100 [1.0 credit]
Sustainable Environments
The causes and consequences of environmental change; emphasis on the interactions of nature and human behaviour. Ways in which the environment can be protected and restored. Environmental issues that affect our own communities.
Precludes additional credit for ENST 1001.
Prerequisite(s): normally restricted to students entering the first year of a B.A., B.Cog.Sc., B.Co.M.S., B.Econ. or B.G.In.S. program.
Seminars three hours a week.

FYSM 1610 [1.0 credit]
Understanding Environmental Discourse
An examination of how language and other symbol systems are used to portray and make arguments about ecology and the global environment, with a particular focus on climate change.
Prerequisite(s): normally restricted to students entering the first year of a B.A., B.Cog.Sc., B.Co.M.S., B.Econ. or B.G.In.S. program.
Seminars three hours a week.

GEOG 1010 [0.5 credit]
Global Environmental Systems
Principles, processes and interactions in the Earth’s environment emphasizing the flow of energy and matter within global systems. Atmospheric and oceanic processes, earth surface processes and biogeochemical cycling. Case studies on the interaction between human activity and the natural environment.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

GEOG 1020 [0.5 credit]
People, Places and Environments
Introduction to human geography. Examination of relationships between people, communities, society and the natural environment at local to global scales. Population change, cultural patterns, and historical, economic, political and environmental forces that shape human activity and experiences from place to place.
Also listed as ENST 1020.
Lectures two hours a week and tutorial one hour a week.

GEOG 2013 [0.5 credit]
Weather and Water
Introduction to climate, weather and the hydrological cycle. Physical properties of the atmosphere, radiation and energy balances, global circulation, atmospheric moisture and precipitation, weather systems and forecasting, mechanisms of climate change.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 1010 or ERTH 1006 or ISCI 1001.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

GEOG 2014 [0.5 credit]
The Earth’s Surface
Introduction to geomorphology. Weathering, slope and fluvial processes within drainage basins, and glacial and periglacial processes.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 1010 or ERTH 1006 or ISCI 1001.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory three hours a week.

GEOG 2020 [0.5 credit]
Physical Environments of Canada
Canada’s physiography, climates, biogeography, soils, and landforms.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 1010 or ERTH 1006 or ERTH 1010 or ISCI 1001.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 2200 [0.5 credit]
Global Connections
Globalization and global environmental change as linked processes. Geographical analysis of economic, cultural and political transformations acting at global, national and local scales. Choices and constraints underlying economic, social and environmental sustainability.
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 2400 [0.5 credit]
Cities and Urbanization
Introduction to the study of cities, urbanization and suburbanization. Geography of urban experience, development and change across the globe. Urbanization processes, patterns and issues in different cities and regions; the relationships among urban areas.
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 2500 [0.5 credit]
Climate Change: Social Science Perspectives
An introduction to climate change, with an emphasis on human dimensions. Topics include anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, regional variations in climate change and their consequences, human vulnerability and adaptation to environmental change, and climate change politics and policies at a variety of geographic scales.
Also listed as ENST 2500.
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 3022 [0.5 credit]
Environmental and Natural Resources
Exploration of complexity, dynamics, uncertainty and equity issues underpinning environmental and resource issues; review and appraisal of selected contemporary methods to assess and manage environmental and natural resources.
Also listed as ENST 3022.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in Geography or Environmental Studies or permission of the Department.
Lecture three hours a week.

GEOG 3103 [0.5 credit]
Watershed Hydrology
Principles of hydrology at local and watershed scales, emphasizing: soil moisture regimes; field data collection and analysis of surface water or snow and ice conditions; hydrologic processes in cold environments; and regional runoff regimes in Canada.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2013 or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

GEOG 3105 [0.5 credit]
Climate and Atmospheric Change
The global climate system, with emphasis on global change variability over the historical and modern periods; the changing composition of the atmosphere and its impact on climate; analysis and interpretation of climatic and atmospheric data; modeling of climate systems.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2013 or permission of the Department.
Lecture two hours a week, laboratory two hours a week.

GEOG 3106 [0.5 credit]
Aquatic Science and Management
Fundamentals of aquatic science. The physical, chemical, and biotic aspects of lake, river, and estuary systems including human impacts, management and conservation.
Also listed as ENSC 3106.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing and a second-year science or engineering course.
Workshop four hours per week.

GEOG 3108 [0.5 credit]
Soil Properties
The physical and chemical properties of soils; soil-water relationships, weathering processes, soil mineralogy, cation exchange, soil pH. A plant-oriented perspective predominates.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2013 or GEOG 2014 or permission of the Department.
Lectures and laboratory five hours a week.

GEOG 3206 [0.5 credit]
Health, Environment, and Society
Factors influencing human health in an ecological framework involving population structure, habitat, and behaviour. Changes in the distribution of communicable and degenerative diseases are portrayed as being related to historical and contemporary development and globalization processes. Sources, types and characteristics of geographically referenced health information.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 3209 [0.5 credit]
Sustainability and Environment in the South
Analysis of the relationships between people and environment in selected regions in the South (Africa, Asia, Latin America). Emphasis on sustainable livelihoods and local action in relation to broader socio-economic and political processes. Regions selected vary from year to year.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing and ENST 2000 or ENST 2001 or GEOG 2200 or GEOG 2300 or permission of the Department.
Lecture and discussion three hours a week.

GEOG 3501 [0.5 credit]
Geographies of the Canadian North
The physical characteristics, historical geography, economic resources, settlement patterns and problems and the future development of Arctic and Subarctic lands, focusing primarily on Canada.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 3700 [0.5 credit]
Population Geography
The distributional aspects of population attributes; areal patterns of population characteristics and their spatial variations associated with differences in the nature of places; migratory movements within the framework of spatial models of interactions between locations.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2200 or GEOG 2300, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 4004 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Impact Assessment
Principles, scope and purpose of environmental impact assessment, from conceptual and methodological points of view; range of environmental issues, with emphasis on Canadian case studies.
Prerequisite(s): fourth-year Honours standing in Geography or Environmental Studies or Environmental Science, or permission of the Department. GEOG 3022 or ENST 3022 is recommended.
Lectures and seminars three hours a week.

GEOG 4013 [0.5 credit]
Cold Region Hydrology
An examination of cold region hydrologic processes via experimental and observational studies; analysis of hydrologic data and application of hydrologic models.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3103.
Lecture three hours a week.

GEOG 4017 [0.5 credit]
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Processes that control the fluxes and reservoirs of biologically active chemical constituents on land, in the atmosphere, and in the oceans. Interactions between biogeochemical cycles and the Earth’s climate; impact of land use and fossil fuel emissions on biogeochemical cycles and global change.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3108 or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 4103 [0.5 credit]
Water Resources Engineering
A quantitative analysis of natural water systems and the development of these systems as a resource. Components of the hydrologic cycle. Quantitative analysis of stream flow. Probability concepts in water resources. Reservoir design and operation. Availability of groundwater. Storm water management.
Also listed as ENVE 3003.
Prerequisite(s): permission of the Department. Recommended background: MAAE 2300.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis one hour a week.

GEOG 4104 [0.5 credit]
Microclimatology
The formation of microclimates near the Earth’s surface; energy and water flows; the interaction of atmospheric processes with the physical properties of surfaces.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 2013 or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 4108 [0.5 credit]
Permafrost
Distribution, development, and degradation of permafrost in Canada; thermal and hydrologic regime of permafrost terrain; development of landforms in permafrost regions; geotechnical consideration in northern construction.
Prerequisite(s): GEOG 3108 or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.

GEOG 4303 [0.5 credit]
Urban Planning
A systematic approach to urban planning; urban sprawl; data collection; forecasting; standards; space requirements; land use; zoning; transportation; land development; site selection; land capability; layout; evaluation; housing; urban renewal and new towns.
Also listed as CIVE 4303.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week, problem analysis three hours alternate weeks.

GINS 3020 [0.5 credit]
Places, Boundaries, Movements and Global Environmental Change
Examination of the relationship between individual places and global social and environmental processes. The changing nature of regions, states and political boundaries in the context of political and economic globalization and international migration. Social science perspectives on climate change vulnerability, adaptation and mitigation.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in B.G.In.S.
Lectures three hours a week.

GPOL 1500 [0.5 credit]
Debates in Global Politics
Theories, concepts and issues in international relations, global politics and global political economy. Topics may include conflict and intervention, peace and security, international institutions, human rights, gender, culture, globalization, multinational corporations, foreign policy, environmental issues, international development, and relations between rich and poor countries.
Precludes additional credit for PSCI 1200, PSCI 2601 and GPOL 1000.
Prerequisite(s): first-year standing in the Global Politics Specialization or Stream of the B.G.In.S. degree.
Lectures two hours a week, tutorials one hour a week.

HLTH 2003 [0.5 credit]
Social Determinants of Health
Overview of the social determinants of health, ranging from early life experiences, poverty, social status, migration, and the physical environment. The relation between social determinants and environmental vulnerabilities, health behaviours, illness prevalence, treatment outcomes, and access to health care.
Prerequisite(s): HLTH 1000 or HLTH 1001.
Lecture three hours a week.

HLTH 3101 [0.5 credit]
Global Health
Overview of issues in global health with focus on developing countries. Key indicators and determinants of global health, implementation and evaluation of global programs, challenges of research and interventions in the developing world, and key players in addressing global health issues.
Prerequisite(s): HLTH 2001 and HLTH 2003, or permission of the department.
Lecture and seminar, three hours per week.

HLTH 3102 [0.5 credit]
Indigenous Health in a Global World
The health conditions of Indigenous peoples in different regions of the world; social and biological factors that contribute to greater risk and poor health; strategies of Indigenous peoples to restore health to their peoples.
Prerequisite(s): HLTH 2001 and HLTH 2003, or permission of the department.
Lecture and seminar three hours per week.

HLTH 3903 [0.5 credit]
Emerging Issues in Environment and Health
These courses enable students to develop an understanding of the current state of research and practice in each of the BHSc concentrations. They provide the opportunity to bring together knowledge from other courses and for skills development, including teamwork, communication and critical thinking.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in the specific stream of the B.H.Sc. program appropriate to the course, a major CGPA of at least 8.0 and permission of the Department of Health Sciences.
Seminars three hours a week.

HLTH 4601 [0.5 credit]
Environmental Pollution and Health
Introduction to environmental and occupational health; detection, assessment, management and mitigation of chemical, physical and biological hazards.
Prerequisite(s): HLTH 3104 or permission of the department.
Lecture and seminar three hours a week.

HIST 2311 [0.5 credit]
Environmental History of Canada
A survey of Canadian history considering nature, landscape and geography. Topics include the history of energy regimes and climate change; Indigenous ecological knowledge; colonization and settlement; resource extraction; commodity production; environmental policies and movements.(Field c or e).
Precludes additional credit for HIST 2306 (no longer offered) and HIST 2310 (no longer offered).
Lectures/groups three hours a week.

HUMR 3503 [0.5 credit]
Global Environmental Justice
Overview of critical debates on environmental issues from a global social justice perspective. Topics may include corporate mining, food sovereignty, poverty, economic exploitation, Indigenous cosmologies and environmental justice, militarization and environmental degradation, privatization of water and climate change.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing or permission of the Institute.
Lectures three hours a week.

INDG 2015 [0.5 credit]
Indigenous Ecological Ways of Knowing
Indigenous peoples’ relationships with the non-human world in both historical and contemporary contexts. Topics may include: the origins of Indigenous ecological ways of knowing, Indigenous languages, collective stewardship, water, land, and challenges to maintaining traditional knowledge.
Prerequisite(s): second-year standing or permission of the School of Indigenous and Canadian Studies.
Lecture/groups, three hours a week.

INDG 3015 [0.5 credit]
Indigenous Ecological Ways of Knowing and the Academy
The relationship between Indigenous traditional ecological knowledges and the academy. Topics include: linguistic barriers, tensions in diffuse ways of knowing, research ethics with respect to Indigenous traditional knowledge, and working with knowledge holders.
Prerequisite(s): third-year standing in Indigenous and Canadian Studies or permission of the School of Indigenous and Canadian Studies.
Seminar three hours per week.

IDES 3107 [0.5 credit]
Design and Sustainability
Sustainability and the industrial designer’s role in creating more environmentally and socially responsible products. Imperatives and drivers for integrating sustainability into product design. Sustainable design strategies and tools, business case for sustainable design, and case studies.
Prerequisite(s): IDES 1301 or permission of the School of Industrial Design.
Lectures and tutorials three hours a week.

IPAF 2000 [0.5 credit]
Quantitative Approaches to Policy Analysis
Related approaches to collecting, interpreting, and presenting quantitative information in the context of specific public policy issues such as immigration, globalization, discrimination, health care, and the environment. Development of fundamental logical, numerical, and statistical skills.
Prerequisite(s): open to students in any program other than those leading to one of the following degrees: B.Com., B.C.S., B.Eng., B.I.B., B.I.D., B.Math., B.Sc.
Lectures three hours a week, tutorials one and half hours a week.

ISCI 1001 [0.5 credit]
Introduction to the Environment
The nature of the biosphere: scientific bases of important environmental issues; evolution of life; properties and dynamics of populations and ecosystems; biodiversity; introduction to identification skills; sustainability of renewable resources, including food. Not acceptable for credit in a Bachelor of Science program.
Precludes additional credit for ISCI 1000.
Prerequisite(s): a knowledge of Grade 10 advanced level Mathematics will be assumed.
Lectures/demonstrations three hours a week and project assignments.

ISCI 2000 [0.5 credit]
Natural Laws
Fundamental concepts and their environmental application for the non-science student: properties of atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, nuclear processes, mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism; applications to energy production and consumption.
Precludes additional credit for ISCI 1002 (no longer offered). Not acceptable for credit in a Bachelor of Science program.
Prerequisite(s): ISCI 1001 or GEOG 1010 or permission of the Institute of Environmental Science.
Lecture/demonstrations three hours a week, a one-hour tutorial a week, and project assignments.

ISCI 2002 [0.5 credit]
Human Impacts on the Environment
Air and water pollution; global climatic change; waste management; industrial chemicals; sources and uses of energy; nuclear energy and radiation; risk assessment of technological hazards. Acceptable only as a free elective in a Bachelor of Science program.
Prerequisite(s): ISCI 2000 or ISCI 1002 or two experimental science grade 12 U/M courses or one first year university experimental science credit.
Lectures/demonstrations three hours a week and project assignments.

INAF 4301 [0.5 credit]
Topics in Rights and Human Development
An interdisciplinary course examining selected issues and policies in the area of rights and human development. Topics include subjects such as food security, access to water, income distribution and inequality, health and education.
Prerequisite(s): fourth-year standing in the B.P.A.P.M. program and registration in the Rights and Human Development Concentration of the Development Policy Studies Specialization, or permission from Kroeger College and NPSIA.
Lecture or seminar three hours per week.

LAWS 3800 [0.5 credit]
Law of Environmental Quality
Various aspects of environmental law; pollution control, legal actions and remedies; legal foundations for participation in decision-making processes. Social, economic and political forces influencing the formulation and implementation of environmental law. Alternative forms of regulation that may articulate different demands.
Prerequisite(s): 1.0 credit from LAWS 2201, LAWS 2202, LAWS 2301, LAWS 2302, LAWS 2501, LAWS 2502.
Lectures three hours a week.

LAWS 4800 [0.5 credit]
Environment and Social Justice
The potential of environmental law to protect the environment and people while promoting opportunities for informed participation in environmental decision making by groups traditionally excluded from these processes; contemporary issues of social justice raised by legal regulation of the environment.
Prerequisite(s): fourth-year Honours standing.
Seminars three hours a week.

MECH 4403 [0.5 credit]
Power Generation Systems
Steam generators, solid, liquid, gaseous and biofuels and cycles. Geothermal, solar powerplants. Energy storage. Environmental aspects of power generation. Industrial use and auto-generation of energy. Energy intensity and efficiency of industrial processes and products. Comparative analysis of raw material, energy, or product transport. Life-cycle analysis.
Precludes additional credit for SREE 4001.
Prerequisite(s): MAAE 2300, MAAE 2400 and fourth year status in Mechanical, Aerospace, or Biomedical and Mechanical Engineering.
Lectures three hours a week. Problem analysis three hours per week.

PHIL 2380 [0.5 credit]
Introduction to Environmental Ethics
Major questions in environmental ethics: How should human beings view their relationship to the rest of nature? Is responsible stewardship of the environment compatible with current technology? Must future generations be protected? Do animals, other life forms, endangered species, ecosystems and/or the biosphere have value or rights?.
Precludes additional credit for PHIL 1804.
Lectures three hours a week.

PHIL 3380 [0.5 credit]
Environments, Technology and Values
Advanced treatment of ethical issues concerning technologies and environments, including: sustainable development, women and the environment, biological diversity, intrinsic or natural value or rights of non-humans, humans’ relation to the rest of the natural world, obligations to future generations, liberty versus equality.
Precludes additional credit for PHIL 2804.
Prerequisite(s): PHIL 1804 or PHIL 2380 and third-year standing, or permission of the Department.
Lectures three hours a week.