{"id":22139,"date":"2022-04-22T09:37:03","date_gmt":"2022-04-22T13:37:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/?page_id=22139"},"modified":"2024-07-03T19:46:14","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T23:46:14","slug":"shannon-lectures-spring-2022","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/shannon-lectures-spring-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Shannon Lectures &#8211; Spring 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-5xl  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n            <div class=\"cu-textmedia flex flex-col lg:flex-row mx-auto gap-6 md:gap-10 my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 max-w-5xl\">\n        <div class=\"justify-start cu-textmedia-content cu-prose-first-last\" style=\"flex: 0 0 100%;\">\n            <header class=\"font-light prose-xl cu-pageheader md:prose-2xl cu-component-updated cu-prose-first-last\">\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold !mt-2 mb-4 md:mb-6 relative after:absolute after:h-px after:bottom-0 after:bg-cu-red after:left-px text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] pb-5 after:w-10 text-cu-black-700 not-prose\">\n                        Shannon Lectures &#8211; Spring 2022\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                                \n                            <\/header>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<h2 id=\"shannon-lectures-spring-2022\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Shannon Lectures, Spring 2022<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Convenor<\/strong>:&nbsp;<span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; color: black;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/people\/stephen-emmanuel-osei-owusu\/\">Mr. Stephen Osei-Owusu<\/a> (a Graduate Research Assistant &amp; Ph.D. Candidate, History Department, Carleton), with support by <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/people\/dominique-marshall\/\">Prof Dominique Marshall<\/a>, Chair, the Shannon Endowment Committee, Department of History, Carleton University.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-management-of-natural-resources-and-the-environment-in-canada-historical-and-transnational-perspectives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Management of Natural Resources and the Environment in Canada: Historical and Transnational Perspectives<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"introduction-to-the-series\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-22249\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-240x339.jpg\" alt=\"Group flyer for series\" width=\"240\" height=\"339\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-240x339.jpg 240w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-400x566.jpg 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-160x226.jpg 160w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-1448x2048.jpg 1448w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-360x509.jpg 360w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/Group-flyer-for-series-scaled.jpg 1810w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px\" \/><\/a>Introduction to the Series<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Relations between humans and non-human inhabitants of the environment are old of several millennia. The history of these relations involves regulations of all sorts about use and preservation, contested or collaborative. In the making of these regulations, users, activists, government agencies and civil society organizations alike have shared contrasting traditions and perspectives on the ecology of natural resources. As recent global climatic trends suggest ominous cataclysmic environmental implications for both the environment and its users, the issue of natural resources and the efficient management of the environment to guarantee the continuous sustainable consumption of the environment and its natural resources has appeared in sharp focus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This lecture series is intended at sharing different, yet syncretized global environmental experiences and the epistemic outlooks they generate, all within the framework of historically researched multi-disciplinary narratives. The lecture-series involve a predominantly Canada-oriented range of environmental experiences, and feature corresponding transnational perspectives, in conversations with African environmental\/resource management experiences\/practices from Ghana. Proceedings are aimed at generating historical knowledge of our collective transnational experience of the environment and its resources, which, hopefully, should add to existing knowledge in history, government policy formulation, environmental protection efforts, legal frameworks on the environment, resource management, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"160\" height=\"160\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-160x160.png\" alt=\"twitter logo of white bird on blue background\" class=\"wp-image-16165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-160x160.png 160w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-240x240.png 240w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-400x400.png 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large-360x360.png 360w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/71\/twitter-logo-large.png 512w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>#ShannonsSpring2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"past-lectures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Past Lectures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"friday-may-27th-2022-from-1200-p-m-100-p-m\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Friday, May 27th, 2022 from 12:00 p.m. &#8211; 1:00 p.m.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Orcas, Pipelines, and the Politics of Science on the West Coast with Prof. Jason Colby\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uhXGMtSKKL8?list=PLjxbmFWpFg62g66iCKV0VhnBZSKgS8hQA\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"abstract\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Today, there is no more evocative icon of the West Coast than the orca, and there is no more prominent product of Alberta than oil<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Over the last decade, these <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">two <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">symbols and the values they represent have clashed in heated debates over Canadian energy and environmental policy<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Ranging in Canadian and US <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">waters<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">, critically endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales are the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">most <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">studied and <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">most <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">culturally influential population of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">cetaceans <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in human history, and they rely predominantly on declining numbers of Chinook salmon for food, particularly from the Fraser River<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. In <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">2013, their fate intersected with Canada<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">\u2019<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">s oil economy, when Houston<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">based Kinder Morgan proposed expanding its Trans Mountain pipeline, which <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">transports <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">oil from Alberta <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the BC <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">coast <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">through the Fraser watershed<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">In addition to raising questions of Indigenous sovereignty, the proposal posed new threats to orcas and the rest of the coastal ecosystem<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">In 2018, after years of public opposition and legal<br>\nchallenges, Kinder Morgan sold the pipeline to the Canadian government, which pushed forward with the project while promising to fund research on the threats facing the Southern Resident Killer Whales<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Yet the federalization of the project raised new concerns about the politicization of science, as well as the fate of the Southern Residents<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">This talk will explore this history of changing values and clashing icons and ponder its implications for resource management and environmental protection on the West Coast<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"friday-june-10th-2022-from-1200-pm-to-100-pm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Friday, June 10th, 2022 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Small-Scale Fisheries in Ghana: Historical and Transnational Perspectives ~ Prof. Joseph Aggrey-Fynn\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cwXRy7mhrbU?list=PLjxbmFWpFg62g66iCKV0VhnBZSKgS8hQA\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"abstract\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The fisheries in Ghana consist of marine and freshwater fisheries<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The marine fishery is practice at the subsistence and commercial levels<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The commercial level of fishery consists of artisanal\/traditional, semi<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">industrial and industrial fisheries<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The significant fish landings come from these three components of marine fisheries whilst the freshwater fishery contribute small amount of fish which are mainly for local consumption<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The small<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">scale fisheries therefore are practiced both <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the marine and freshwater<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The small<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">scale fishery employs about 2.5 million <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">out <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of 30 million of the Ghanaian population either directly or indirectly <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the fisheries industry<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">These are the fishers, fish processors, fish traders and other auxiliary workers<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The small<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">scale fishery industry is characterized by the use of several fishing gears which targets various fish resources<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The use of dug<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">out canoes and other traditional fishing gears in the industry dates back centuries ago<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Fishing materials had been developed and improved from cotton and hemp to synthetic fibres, mechanization of canoes had improved from hand driven to gasoline even though the use of oars is still practice<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">However, some historical practices had been maintained such as salting, smoking, drying of fish for storage; and no fishing day and other taboos for conservation purposes<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Historically, some small<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">scale fishers in Ghana either migrate to other West African coastal <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">states <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to settle for fishing activities or as migrant fishers that fish in other waters and return to Ghana<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">There are records of Ghanaian small<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">scale fishers that are spread from Angola to Senegal<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"speakers-bio\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Speaker&#8217;s Bio:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Prof. Joseph Aggrey-Fynn is an Associate Professor of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences in the University of Cape Coast. He has developed his career in Ghana and Germany and has experience in the research and teaching of fisheries and aquatic sciences since 2002. His research interests cover the following areas: (i) Marine microplastics in fish stomach contents, (ii) Fish stock assessment in the western Gulf of Guinea, (iii) Otolithic studies of marine fish species, (iv) Marine capture fisheries and offshore oil and gas operations, (v) Environmental monitoring in the offshore oil and gas fields in Ghana, and (vi) Occurrence of heavy metals in fish visceral organs in small-scale mining areas. Prof. Aggrey-Fynn had participated in a number of multi-national offshore cruises for oceanographic and fisheries data collection and research in the western Gulf of Guinea as a scientist in 2005, 2009, 2010 and 2012. He was the Founding Director of the Institute for Oil and Gas Studies in the University of Cape Coast from 2013-2018 and had served as a member on the National Steering\/Implementation Committees on National Fisheries College (2011-2019); and West Africa Regional Fisheries Program (WARFP) (2012-2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"friday-june-24th-2022-from-1200-pm-to-100-pm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Friday, June 24th, 2022 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Grass in the Cracks: Gender, Social Reproduction and Climate Justice in the Xolobeni Struggle\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DK6Cvs37IH0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"abstract\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">This chapter examines the opposition by members of the Xolobeni community <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">proposed mining <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">on <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">their communally<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">occupied <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">land<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">including through litigation<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">While only <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">one <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">strategy amongst <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">many<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">use <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of law is notable and has thus <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">far <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">been effective in challenging the mining <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">company <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">and the government<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The Xolobeni struggle points <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">important links between efforts <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to overcome <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">gendered <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">structures <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of production and reproduction and environmental destruction <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">that <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">offers insights for feminist struggles for climate justice<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">We <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">draw <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">on <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Silvia Federici\u2019<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">s <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">gendered framing of the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">commons to tease out <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the key tensions in the long<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">drawn<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">out <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">opposition <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">mining in Xolobeni<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">: the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">involvement of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">women as the main <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">producers <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of food <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">and <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">custodians <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the land<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">their movement to the centre <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">struggle <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in the context <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">violence <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">against <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">activists<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">, <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">and their assertion <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">new <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">forms of temporality <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">that engage the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">responsibilities of <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">present generation <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the future<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"friday-july-8th-2022-from-1200-pm-to-100-pm\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Friday, July 8th, 2022 from 12:00 PM to 1:00 PM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"What is Nature?: The Rise and Fall of Moncton\u2019s Petitcodiac Causeway with Prof. Ronald Rudin\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZKjR1N17iN8?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"abstract\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abstract:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">In 1968, a causeway was constructed across the Petitcodiac River, splitting in two the river that runs through Moncton on its way to the Bay of Fundy<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">The project was carried out by the Maritime Marshland Rehabilitation Administration (MMRA), a federal agency tasked <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">twenty <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">years earlier with protecting land that would have otherwise been flooded by the tides of the Bay of Fundy, the largest <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the world, in the process creating marshland<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">With the arrival of settlers <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">the seventeenth <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">century<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">, protective <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">structures <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">were constructed <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">drain the marshland so<br>\nit might be farmed<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">By the 1940s those <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">structures <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">had badly deteriorated, leading Ottawa <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">to <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">create the MMRA, but the agency went further than reconstructing existing dykes, as it also constructed dams across five major rivers, significantly altering the environment; but nowhere was this more dramatically visible than on the Petitcodiac, where the causeway provided a highway connecting Moncton with suburbs on the other side<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.&nbsp;<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">Fish stocks were destroyed, the river downstream from the dam became narrower and shallower due to the accumulation of silt that was now deposited just below the structure, and upstream a headpond was created, where a new lakefront community was created<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span class=\"fontstyle0\">In <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">response to these environmental changes, bitter controversy ensued that lasted for over 40 years, until opening the gates in the causeway <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">structure in <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">2010 and removal of much of that <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">structure <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">altogether <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">in <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">2021<\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">. <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">This presentation will focus on that debate and how it highlighted different conceptions of what constituted <\/span><span class=\"fontstyle0\">&#8220;nature.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"speakers-bio\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Speaker&#8217;s Bio:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ronald Rudin, Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History at Concordia University, carries out research that focuses on the environmental and cultural history of Atlantic Canada. Most recently, he is the author of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubcpress.ca\/against-the-tides\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\">Against the Tides: Reshaping Landscape and Community in Canada&#8217;s Maritime Marshlands<\/a>, as well as producer of the accompanying film <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unnaturallandscapes.ca\/\" data-auth=\"NotApplicable\">Unnatural Landscapes<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shannon Lectures, Spring 2022 Convenor:&nbsp;Mr. Stephen Osei-Owusu (a Graduate Research Assistant &amp; Ph.D. Candidate, History Department, Carleton), with support by Prof Dominique Marshall, Chair, the Shannon Endowment Committee, Department of History, Carleton University. The Management of Natural Resources and the Environment in Canada: Historical and Transnational Perspectives Introduction to the Series Relations between humans and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cu_dining_location_slug":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_page_type":[303],"class_list":["post-22139","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","cu_page_type-general"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22139"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22139\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22662,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22139\/revisions\/22662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_page_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/history\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_page_type?post=22139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}