{"id":6295,"date":"2026-07-18T18:24:36","date_gmt":"2026-07-18T22:24:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/?p=6295"},"modified":"2026-07-18T19:19:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T23:19:57","slug":"why-build-a-stronger-culture-of-philanthropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/2026\/why-build-a-stronger-culture-of-philanthropy\/","title":{"rendered":"Why We Should Build a Stronger Culture of Philanthropy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-max  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n                    \n                    \n            \n    <div class=\"cu-wideimage relative flex items-center justify-center mx-auto px-8 overflow-hidden md:px-16 rounded-xl not-prose  my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 bg-opacity-50 bg-cover bg-cu-black-50 py-24 md:py-28 lg:py-36 xl:py-48\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PhotoCourtesyOfSamuelCruz1600-1-1600x700.jpg); background-position: 50% 50%;\">\n\n                    <div class=\"absolute top-0 w-full h-screen\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.600);\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"relative z-[2] max-w-4xl w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-2 cu-wideimage-image cu-zero-first-last\">\n            <header class=\"mx-auto mb-6 text-center text-white cu-pageheader cu-component-updated cu-pageheader--center md:mb-12\">\n\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold mb-2 text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] cu-pageheader--center text-center mx-auto after:left-px\">\n                        Why We Should Build a Stronger Culture of Philanthropy\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                            <\/header>\n        <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n    \n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>By <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/faculty-instructors\/\" type=\"page\" id=\"978\">Calum Carmichael<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800.jpg\" alt=\"With palm leaves behind his head, a man in a dark shirt smiles at the camera.\" class=\"wp-image-6224\" style=\"width:322px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800.jpg 800w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800-512x512.jpg 512w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800-320x320.jpg 320w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2021\/06\/Calum1800-200x200.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Calum Carmichael<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>How can we gauge a culture of philanthropy in Canada? As noted in <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/culture-of-philanthropy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the introduction to this series on <em class=\"myprefix-text-italic\">PANL Perspectives<\/em><\/a>, we use the term \u201cculture of philanthropy\u201d not as it\u2019s been used elsewhere to describe <a href=\"https:\/\/afpglobal.org\/building-culture-philanthropy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fund-raising potential<\/a> or the <a href=\"https:\/\/learninghub.feedingamerica.org\/best-practices\/toolkit\/uploads\/How%20to%20Create%20a%20Culture%20of%20Philanthropy%20-%20Guide_1746562570.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">internal work environment of nonprofits<\/a>. Instead, we mean something much wider: the ongoing set of behavioural norms within a society that encourages and normalizes a personal and collective responsibility for empathy and action. Here, empathy refers to our regard for those in need and those with whom we differ. And action refers to our learning about those needs and differences, together with our assisting or defending the people involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Such a culture can be seen in a variety of ways, whether in our readiness to help, say by voluntarism or charitable donations, or in our readiness to understand and respect the priorities of others, despite not sharing those priorities. However, on both fronts \u2013 our readiness to help and our readiness to understand and respect \u2013 we see mixed signals in Canada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before considering why we should build a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy, let\u2019s first set the context by reviewing the concerns <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/culture-of-philanthropy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">outlined in the introduction<\/a> \u2013 concerns that stem from the mixed signals we see.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"a-strong-history-of-donating-and-trusting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A strong history of donating and trusting<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"599\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PhotoCourtesyOfSamuelCruz400.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6300\" style=\"width:452px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PhotoCourtesyOfSamuelCruz400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PhotoCourtesyOfSamuelCruz400-320x479.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of our readiness to help, Canada has a strong history and practice of voluntarism and donation, and by some measures, these practices are growing. Contributions made through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canadahelps.org\/en\/charity-life\/2025-the-giving-report-insights-for-charities\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CanadaHelps<\/a> are increasing across a range of donor types and causes. And over the 25 years from 1998 to 2023, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1110000301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">charitable donations claimed by tax filers<\/a> increased in real terms from $8 billion (2023 dollars) to $12.7 billion: an overall growth of 60%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of respecting and accepting those with whom we differ, across recent international polls, Canadians rank high on questions about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2025\/12\/01\/where-most-people-trust-others-and-where-they-dont-around-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">trusting<\/a> most people in their country, believing them to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2026\/03\/05\/in-25-country-survey-americans-especially-likely-to-view-fellow-citizens-as-morally-bad\/#how-have-views-on-morality-changed-over-time\">morally good<\/a>, and in not thinking that being born in the country is necessary to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2025\/01\/28\/what-makes-someone-truly-belong-in-a-country-views-differ-on-importance-of-language-birthplace-and-other-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">truly belong<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"canada-has-experienced-some-troubling-trends-with-donations-and-volunteering\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Canada has experienced some troubling trends with donations and volunteering<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In terms of our readiness to help, donations appear to have become less of a society-wide phenomenon from 1998 to 2023. The number of tax filers claiming charitable donations <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1110000201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fell by 6.4%<\/a> \u2013 a drop attributable to the number of men claiming donations falling by 18%. As a consequence, by 2023, fewer than 17% of all filers donated, compared with 26% in 1998. Between those years, donations became more a practice of older Canadians: the <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1110013001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">average age<\/a> of donors increased from 51 to 56 years. And it became <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1110000201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">less of a practice<\/a> of Canadians with mid and lower incomes. Although very large donations skewed averages upward, the average donation claimed by tax filers grew at annual rate of only 0.4% in real terms, whereas the median donation grew only 0.1%. Overall, as a share of <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=1110004701\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tax filers\u2019 total income<\/a>, charitable donations fell from 0.8% to 0.7% (from 80 to 70 cents per $100).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.volunteer.ca\/new-results-from-statistics-canadas-survey-of-giving-volunteering-and-participating\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/VolunteerCanada350.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6302\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.0736354442660936;width:515px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/VolunteerCanada350.png 350w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/VolunteerCanada350-320x298.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>These figures align with those from the <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.volunteer.ca\/new-results-from-statistics-canadas-survey-of-giving-volunteering-and-participating\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating<\/a>. From 2013 to 2023, the number of donors to charities and nonprofits fell by nearly 6.3 million, such that the percentage of Canadians donating declined from 82% to 54%. Over the same decade, volunteer hours received annually by charities and nonprofits fell by 800 million hours, and the percentage of Canadians volunteering declined from 44% to 32%. In part \u2013 but only in part \u2013 these declines can be explained by the financial and time pressures felt by so many Canadian families. We suggest, however, that more is at play than just limited income and time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"understanding-and-respect-seems-to-have-fallen-while-hate-crimes-have-risen\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Understanding and respect seems to have fallen, while hate crimes have risen<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ppforum.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/TheRiseOfPolarizationInCanada-PPF-AUG2023-EN2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"484\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PublicPolicyForum350.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6304\" style=\"aspect-ratio:0.7231434601736452;width:482px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PublicPolicyForum350.png 350w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/PublicPolicyForum350-320x443.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Polarization appears to have <a href=\"https:\/\/ppforum.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/TheRiseOfPolarizationInCanada-PPF-AUG2023-EN2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">increased in Canada<\/a>, although remains <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/canada-isnt-deeply-polarized-yet-what-new-research-reveals-about-partisan-animosity-267719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">less severe than in the US<\/a>. On many issues, Canadians have become more dogmatic in their beliefs and less accepting of people with whom they differ or disagree. This plays out across many issues: <a href=\"https:\/\/macdonaldlaurier.ca\/the-americanization-of-canadian-politics-eric-kaufmann-in-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">immigration<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/nationalcitizensinquiry.ca\/#1664474650167-76ecf7ff-bf19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a trust in science<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/angusreid.org\/canadians-split-on-gender-identity-and-trans-issues-2023-culture-war-poll\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sexuality<\/a>; and a confidence in <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalpublicsquare.org\/insights\/polarization-canada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">governing institutions or party leaders<\/a>. We witness this on university campuses, when debates default to simplification and categorical claims. We hear it in public discourse, when identity becomes a criterion for endorsing or dismissing a position \u2013 such that \u201cwho\u201d matters more than the \u201cwhat,\u201d or emotions displace reason. We recognize it being stoked by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediatechdemocracy.com\/all-work\/the-role-of-social-media-in-polarizing-canadians\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">social and other electronic media<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediatechdemocracy.com\/all-work\/polarization-as-the-technological-goal-not-the-error\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">advances in artificial intelligence and data analytics<\/a> that equip political communicators with the abilities to target segmented audiences with issues and language that holds attention, reinforces beliefs and offers gratification. We also experience the dogmatism and intolerance in the <a href=\"https:\/\/co24.ca\/canadian-politician-threats\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">threats<\/a> toward politicians becoming more frequent. And we fear it in the vilification that might underlie the growth of hate crimes, most of which target minorities defined by race, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Such crimes reported by police more than <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/t1\/tbl1\/en\/tv.action?pid=3510019101&amp;cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2014&amp;cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2024&amp;referencePeriods=20140101%2C20240101\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tripled from 2014 to 2024<\/a>, having spiked in both 2016 and 2022, <a href=\"https:\/\/rcmp.ca\/en\/corporate-information\/publications-and-manuals\/hate-crimes-and-incidents-canada#s3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">alongside<\/a> a rise in populist politics and inflammatory rhetoric.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"canadian-philanthropy-is-at-an-inflection-point\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Canadian philanthropy is at an inflection point<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s time for us to examine how to build a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy in Canada \u2013 not as a cure-all for the developments noted above, but as a way to counteract them by preserving if not increasing our society\u2019s empathy and action in support of both those in need and those with whom we differ.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>We treat this not as an effort to adopt the culture of another country or to revive some culture from our past. Rather, we treat this as a new undertaking to protect a culture that would remain distinctively Canadian but that would recognize and respond proactively to major changes that our society is now facing, whether demographic, economic, technological, informational or political.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Such changes alter some of the basics of philanthropy \u2013 attitudes, expectations, incentives, ways of communicating and ways of giving. There\u2019s much we don\u2019t know about the extent and effects of such changes in our current context. But they at least point to our need to identify our knowledge gaps, treating this as a first step toward building a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy \u2013 one that could thrive alongside change, not simply survive it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-would-a-strong-culture-of-philanthropy-improve-the-lives-of-individuals\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How would a strong culture of philanthropy improve the lives of individuals?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/secret-happiness-giving\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/SecretToHappiness350.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6308\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.5555805846570574;width:495px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/SecretToHappiness350.png 350w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/SecretToHappiness350-320x206.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Responding to the needs of others is associated with better mental and physical health. Numerous studies have measured greater <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/secret-happiness-giving\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">happiness<\/a> and better <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25150681\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">mental<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0306453016310587?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">physical<\/a> health outcomes for individuals who give their time, income or attention to the well-being of others. Despite some <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2020-65092-001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">variation<\/a> in these outcomes across age categories and gender, they underlie proposals that initiatives to encourage volunteering, for example, be considered <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23968220\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">public health initiatives<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Responding also enables individuals to live in accordance with many <a href=\"https:\/\/www.embracerelief.org\/the-universal-power-of-philanthropy-a-beacon-of-unity-across-religions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">religious<\/a> or spiritual traditions. Indigenous traditions emphasize the interconnection of all life, and the importance of <a href=\"https:\/\/philab.uqam.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Cover-TOC-chapter-7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reciprocity<\/a> in giving and receiving to sustain our universal family. Western religious traditions (e.g., Judaism, Christianity, Islam) centre on living in a right relationship with a creator God who has given us life and the material means to support it. Philanthropic behaviour, then, enables us to celebrate and practice those divine acts by sharing the means of life with others. Eastern traditions (e.g., Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism) involve following a way of life that avoids suffering, in part by detaching ourselves from things that are impermanent \u2013 including material possessions. At different stages of our lives, then, philanthropy provides a means of such detachment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Relatedly, philanthropy enables the individuals who practice it to live in accordance with many ethical frameworks. Of these, <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2023\/part-2-of-5-what-can-the-philanthropic-sector-take-from-the-downfall-of-samuel-bankman-fried-and-his-ties-to-effective-altruism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the three major ones<\/a> tie the ethical merit of human behaviour to whether the consequences it generates are good (consequentialism), the duties it fulfills are foremost (deontology), or the character motivating it is virtuous (virtue ethics). For example, philanthropy that protects sentient life could fit the first set of criteria; philanthropy that promotes human rights and compensates those whose rights have been violated could fit the second; and philanthropy that draws upon and nurtures kindness, generosity and humility could fit the third.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>And finally, philanthropy directly improves the well-being of those receiving it. Whether it\u2019s the lost and bewildered tourist who receives your spontaneous assistance, or the family in sub-Saharan Africa who receives malaria vaccinations due to your donation, or the homeless youth who receives lunch at the shelter where you volunteer, or the cancer patient who received treatment from the MRI you helped sponsor \u2013 your responsiveness to the needs of others benefits them.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Sure enough, the type or scale of benefits from, say, a $1,000 donation, would <a href=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/calum\/Dropbox\/papers\/10.1016\/j.polsoc.2010.06.002\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">differ greatly<\/a> depending on what it provides, through what channels and to whom. Consider, for example, that donation providing more jars of peanut butter to persons in low income through a food bank in Winnipeg, versus additional reparative surgery performed on Sudanese children by Doctors without Borders, versus an enhanced Canadian Opera Company production as seen by theatre goers in Toronto. Despite the differences involved in these three examples, the same $1,000 donation would improve, sustain or enrich the lives of others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-could-a-culture-of-philanthropy-improve-community\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How could a culture of philanthropy improve community?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/communityfoundations.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Reconnecting-Communities-Data-Snapshot-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"442\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Belonging350.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6312\" style=\"width:436px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Belonging350.png 350w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Belonging350-320x404.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>To consider this question, we need a few more definitions. \u201cCommunity\u201d is a condition or state of \u201csocial cohesion; mutual support and affinity,\u201d and underlying it is something attitudinal: a \u201csense of community,\u201d which has been <a href=\"https:\/\/psychologyfanatic.com\/sense-of-community-theory\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">defined elsewhere<\/a> as a feeling of belonging among members of a group, and a feeling that those members matter to one another and that their needs will be met by their commitment to be together. There are indications that sense of community has declined among Canadians. According to a national survey, the number of people reporting a strong sense of belonging has <a href=\"https:\/\/communityfoundations.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/Reconnecting-Communities-Data-Snapshot-EN.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">dropped by 12%<\/a> from 2013 to 2022, and is lowest among those who are financially insecure, have experienced discrimination or are part of single-parent, as opposed to two-parent, households.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The groups composing Canadian society could be based on their members sharing, say, a location, concern, set of values or goals, history, ethnicity or identity. As a consequence, each group having a sense of community could work toward either <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drdavidmcmillan.com\/sense-of-community\/sense-of-community-a-definition-and-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">unifying our society or fragmenting it<\/a>, depending on how far-reaching, permeable and overlapping their boundaries are. Here, a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy could make a difference toward greater social cohesion across Canada by encouraging the members of a given group to be more aware of and responsive to those beyond it who either need their support or offer them support.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, by encouraging donations and voluntarism such a culture would strengthen the capacity of organizations that offer assistance and opportunities for engagement at the local level, thereby fostering feelings of belonging and countering the effects of social isolation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Admittedly, social cohesion, as reinforced by a sense of community, doesn\u2019t eradicate dispute, strife or social isolation. But it would enable a society composed of multiple groups to better cope with such things without losing sight of its common purpose and collective well-being, its spirit of allegiance and identification, its willingness to compromise and assist, and its reluctance to vilify or overlook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-types-of-philanthropy-would-have-the-greatest-potential\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What types of philanthropy would have the greatest potential?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Photo-of-wildfire-Ft-McMurray-courtesy-of-DarrenRD400.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6319\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.1834366158673795;width:570px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Photo-of-wildfire-Ft-McMurray-courtesy-of-DarrenRD400.jpg 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Photo-of-wildfire-Ft-McMurray-courtesy-of-DarrenRD400-320x270.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Cross-Canada donations supported communities displaced by the 2016 fire in Fort McMurray and 2013 flooding in Calgary and Bow River. Photo credit: DarrenRD.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Philanthropy in which many participate both as givers and receivers is a good start. The integration and fulfillment of members\u2019 needs help to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.drdavidmcmillan.com\/sense-of-community\/sense-of-community-a-definition-and-theory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reinforce<\/a> a sense of community. Philanthropy that\u2019s widespread and reciprocal, providing chances to both give and receive, contributes to integration on a societal level by demonstrating that individual groups have allies beyond them. Moreover, as noted above, an increase in overall donations and voluntarism would <a href=\"https:\/\/environicsinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/env-canadiansocap-full-eng-v04_finalf418d6ff34\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">strengthen the capacity<\/a> of local organizations to counter social isolation.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philanthropy that deliberately reaches across groups and populations had great potential. Consider, for example, religious groups. Although much of their philanthropy remains insular, greater religious observance <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/en\/pub\/11-008-x\/2012001\/article\/11637-eng.pdf?st=aVOdNpy6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">traditionally<\/a> coincides with more giving to secular causes. Moreover, many religious organizations have affiliates that deliver services to populations regardless of faith: services such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.multifaithhousing.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">housing<\/a> or medical care to <a href=\"https:\/\/ottawa.anglican.ca\/what-we-do\/community-ministries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">persons in low income<\/a>, or advice and assistance to <a href=\"https:\/\/cciottawa.ca\/#services\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">new Canadians<\/a>. As another example, consider university graduates who fund bursaries in support of persons otherwise underrepresented in student populations, working either through their <a href=\"https:\/\/futurefunder.carleton.ca\/giving-fund\/mpnl-award-for-black-emerging-fundraising-professionals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">alma mater<\/a> or through independent funding <a href=\"https:\/\/indspire.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">organizations<\/a>. Alternatively, consider the cross-Canada donations in support of the communities displaced by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mobilegiving.ca\/en\/remembering-the-fort-mcmurray-fires-of-2016-how-a-country-and-the-red-cross-responded\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2016 fire<\/a> in Fort McMurray and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/calgary\/red-cross-will-spend-42m-on-alberta-2013-flood-relief-1.2663704\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2013 flooding<\/a> in Calgary and Bow River.&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Philanthropy that shares or shifts decision-making power between those who give and those who receive turns \u201cbeneficiaries\u201d into partners or co-creators. Some charitable foundations see <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/story\/shifting-power\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the sharing and shifting of power<\/a> as <a href=\"https:\/\/thephilanthropist.ca\/2015\/06\/the-philanthropic-communitys-declaration-of-action\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">good in and of itself, <\/a>whether by countering the effects of colonization, or giving the recipient groups greater control over their own futures. For others, it\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4087\/FOUNDATIONREVIEW-D-10-00022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">necessity<\/a>. Still for others, it offers a more effective <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alliancemagazine.org\/feature\/shiftthepower-rise-community-philanthropy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">strategy to realize transformative change<\/a> by providing opportunities for recipient groups to apply their own assets of money, skills, knowledge and networks, thereby kindling local leadership and buy-in. Such strategies would feature practices associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/communityfoundations.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fact-Sheet_-Trust-Based-Philanthropy.pdf\">trust-<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/communityfoundations.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fact-Sheet_-Trust-Based-Philanthropy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">based<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/communityfoundations.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Fact-Sheet_-Trust-Based-Philanthropy.pdf\"> philanthropy<\/a> that forge collaboration and mutual accountability. For example, long-term, unrestricted funding gives recipients the flexibility to plan and adapt, streamlines paperwork, or creates two-way consultation to avoid mission drift. Such practices enable charities and nonprofits to <a href=\"https:\/\/thephilanthropist.ca\/2012\/05\/the-importance-of-taking-risk-in-philanthropy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">take risks<\/a> and fund things that governments or the private sector won\u2019t, thus widening the scope for discovery, innovation and social change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-could-a-culture-of-philanthropy-improve-democratic-resilience\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How could a culture of philanthropy improve democratic resilience?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2026\/03\/05\/in-25-country-survey-americans-especially-likely-to-view-fellow-citizens-as-morally-bad\/#how-have-views-on-morality-changed-over-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"761\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Pew-Research-Center450.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6320\" style=\"width:521px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Pew-Research-Center450.png 450w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/Pew-Research-Center450-320x541.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In a poll from the Pew Research Center, 92% of the Canadians surveyed believed their fellow citizens to be morally good, the highest among 25 countries surveyed. Source: https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2026\/03\/05\/in-25-country-survey-americans-especially-likely-to-view-fellow-citizens-as-morally-bad\/#how-have-views-on-morality-changed-over-time<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Only recently have \u201cdemocracy\u201d and \u201cresilience\u201d been combined to form \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.idea.int\/blog\/democracy-notes-explainer-what-democratic-resilience\">democratic resilience<\/a>,\u201d a term now used to describe the ability of a democratic political system to prevent or recover from shocks to its priorities, processes and principles. Resilience <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12286-024-00618-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">extends across<\/a> different areas of the political system: institutions (e.g., parliaments, administrative departments, courts), as well as legitimizing procedures (e.g., electoral system); political intermediaries (e.g., parties, elected officials, civil society); society as a whole (e.g., the values, attitudes and behaviours of elites and citizens); and the affective political environment (e.g., feelings of belonging and affiliation, the extent of social cohesion).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A broad and strong culture of philanthropy could contribute to Canada\u2019s democratic resilience by cultivating greater empathy and action in support of those whose circumstances or outlooks differ from our own \u2013 an empathy that would discourage our ignoring or demonizing them on the basis of those differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The culture could work through the affective political environment. Building bridges between different communities could temper their inward-looking sense of community that could fragment society, and widen their outward-looking sense that could unify it. Such a culture would increase our awareness of and responsiveness to the challenging circumstances of others. And it would lead us to be more understanding and respectful of the outlooks and priorities of others despite our not sharing them. As a consequence, it could defuse the types of political rhetoric that castigates the circumstances or outlooks of some in order to justify the acquisition of additional powers, the compromising of human rights, or the suppression of alternative points of view.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared to people elsewhere, Canadians appear more disposed toward not perceiving differences as threats and thus more open to the influences of a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy. As noted above: in a series of recent international polls, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/religion\/2026\/03\/05\/in-25-country-survey-americans-especially-likely-to-view-fellow-citizens-as-morally-bad\/#how-have-views-on-morality-changed-over-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">92%<\/a> of the Canadians surveyed believed their fellow citizens to be morally good (highest among 25 countries surveyed), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2025\/12\/01\/where-most-people-trust-others-and-where-they-dont-around-the-world\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">73%<\/a> felt that most people in their country could be trusted (third highest among 25), and only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2025\/01\/28\/what-makes-someone-truly-belong-in-a-country-views-differ-on-importance-of-language-birthplace-and-other-factors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13%<\/a> thought being born in the country was very important to truly belong (third lowest among 36). The corresponding figures for the Americans surveyed were 47%, 55% and 24%.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/canada\/toronto-star\/20260203\/281569477159313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"248\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/ChretienHarper2500.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6325\" style=\"width:632px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/ChretienHarper2500.png 500w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/90\/2026\/07\/ChretienHarper2500-320x159.png 320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Former prime ministers Jean Chr\u00e9tien and Stephen Harper say that political opponents in Canada aren\u2019t enemies.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>By weakening the power of divisive rhetoric, a broad and strong culture of philanthropy could support greater confidence in democracy overall, without necessarily discouraging institutional or procedural reform. Canadians appear more disposed toward such confidence and thus more open to the influence of a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy. In recent international polls, <a href=\"https:\/\/can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Fshort-reads%2F2025%2F06%2F30%2Fdissatisfaction-with-democracy-remains-widespread-in-many-nations%2F&amp;data=05%7C02%7CCalumCarmichael%40CUNET.CARLETON.CA%7C50f81ee297904ed6de4308de9cb02a97%7C6ad91895de06485ebc51fce126cc8530%7C0%7C0%7C639120477669590313%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJFbXB0eU1hcGkiOnRydWUsIlYiOiIwLjAuMDAwMCIsIlAiOiJXaW4zMiIsIkFOIjoiTWFpbCIsIldUIjoyfQ%3D%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=cfAJH7L647eoKdKqSWsDVf0ajWla9%2B39FzNV7wcXdTg%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">60%<\/a> of the Canadians surveyed were satisfied with the way their democracy was working (fourth highest among the 23 countries surveyed), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2026\/04\/15\/americans-stand-out-internationally-for-their-pessimism-about-the-nations-political-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">52%<\/a> were content with the status quo (fourth highest among 24), and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/global\/2026\/02\/17\/where-in-the-world-are-people-proud-of-their-nations-politics-and-economy-and-why\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">22%<\/a> were proud of their political system (third highest among 25). The corresponding figures for the Americans surveyed were 38%, 23% and 8%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, to the extent that a culture of philanthropy would increase the support of the charities, nonprofits and networks that compose civil society, it would further strengthen democratic resilience by strengthening the work of these entities in mobilizing citizens, voicing their perspectives in the political arena and facilitating public policy dialogue.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Political intermediaries could help. Former prime ministers Jean Chr\u00e9tien and Stephen Harper have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pressreader.com\/canada\/toronto-star\/20260203\/281569477159313\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">observed that<\/a> political opponents in Canada aren\u2019t enemies: instead of being consumed or divided by \u201cideological tangents,\u201d they typically assume, despite their rivalry and disagreement, that all will uphold democracy and under it, seek to serve their country and their constituents. To the extent that this observation holds true, political opponents in Canada would also appear open to the influence of a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy. Efforts not simply to criticize but demean or demonize opponents would remain rare in Canada and repugnant to many. In addition, there would remain a greater likelihood of cross-party collaboration around difficult issues such as economic development, trade policy, health care, housing, immigration or climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is not the case in the US, where many Democrats and Republicans now consider each other not opponents but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mediaite.com\/politics\/half-of-republicans-see-democrats-as-enemies-who-will-destroy-their-way-of-life-and-even-more-liberals-say-same-of-republicans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">enemies<\/a>. Each party sees the other as <a href=\"https:\/\/securingdemocracy.isd.ngo\/democracy-divided-how-republicans-and-democrats-talk-about-threats-to-democracy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">threatening democracy<\/a>, say, by undercutting judicial or administrative neutrality, or by dismantling individual freedoms and the American way of life. Whether or not those perceived threats are warranted, the current extent of partisan polarization <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rochester.edu\/newscenter\/partisan-hostility-and-american-democracy-polarization-610522\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">harms democracy<\/a> and the confidence placed in it, whether by contributing to <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@ronaustin\/the-growing-divide-republicans-and-democrats-as-enemies-9a4fb70dfb8f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">legislative gridlock<\/a>, or by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2026\/03\/12\/nx-s1-5745129\/trump-democrats-cheat-election-security-pennsylvania-midterms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">claiming<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/democrats.org\/news\/republicans-know-they-cant-win-without-cheating-so-theyre-engaged-in-a-coordinated-campaign-to-restrict-voting-rights\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">creating the impression<\/a> that the other parties <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/leaders\/2026\/04\/23\/america-is-vulnerable-to-electoral-vandalism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cheat<\/a> \u2013 violate the principles of electoral fairness \u2013 in order to win.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-rationale-for-this-panl-perspectives-series-about-a-strong-culture-of-philanthropy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The rationale for this PANL Perspectives series about a strong culture of philanthropy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>By some measures \u2013 such as charitable donations and hours volunteered \u2013 philanthropy appears to be declining as a society-wide phenomenon in Canada, thereby reducing the benefits to both those who give and those who receive. And by some measures, the extent of polarization is increasing, potentially challenging both our social cohesion and democratic resilience.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I\u2019ve tried to lay out a rationale for how a broader, stronger culture of philanthropy could counteract both of these developments. But this leaves open the question of how. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>What are the knowledge gaps we face in understanding how societal changes will affect incentives to give and to trust? How can we at least identify some of those gaps, treating this as a first step toward broadening and strengthening the behavioural norms that would encourage our empathy and action in support of those in need and those with whom we differ?<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/culture-of-philanthropy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">this new series on <em class=\"myprefix-text-italic\">PANL Perspectives<\/em><\/a>, we\u2019ll examine these questions from a variety of viewpoints. And we\u2019ll look for some answers. What do existing data tell us or not tell us? How might we deepen a culture of philanthropy in future generations or across the current generation at all income levels? What we might learn from the cultures of philanthropy in faith communities, multicultural communities and Indigenous communities &#8212; and possibly apply more generally? How might women or younger generations be driving change in philanthropy, and to what effect? How might the media\u2019s depiction of philanthropy be shaping our behavioural norms toward it? And what should be the role of public policy in broadening, strengthening and modernizing the culture in Canada?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We hope you\u2019ll follow this series and join us as we examine these questions, look for answers and think about what we could do individually and collectively to practice and promote a broader and stronger culture of philanthropy in our country. Please send comments to <a href=\"mailto:panl@carleton.ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">panl@carleton.ca<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em class=\"myprefix-text-italic\">Banner photo is courtesy of Samuel Cruz.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Calum Carmichael How can we gauge a culture of philanthropy in Canada? As noted in the introduction to this series on PANL Perspectives, we use the term \u201cculture of philanthropy\u201d not as it\u2019s been used elsewhere to describe fund-raising potential or the internal work environment of nonprofits. Instead, we mean something much wider: the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":205,"featured_media":6297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[1356],"tags":[1357,49,1358,191,68,69,70,82,740,17,81,18,19],"class_list":["post-6295","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-of-philanthropy","tag-calum-carmichael","tag-carleton","tag-culture-of-philanthropy","tag-dpnl","tag-leadership","tag-masters","tag-mpnl","tag-panl","tag-panl-perspectives","tag-philanthropy","tag-pnl","tag-school-of-public-policy-and-administration","tag-sppa"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/205"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6295"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6329,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6295\/revisions\/6329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6295"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6295"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}