{"id":63378,"date":"2019-04-18T18:00:01","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T22:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/?post_type=cu_story&#038;p=63378"},"modified":"2025-08-19T09:37:30","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:37:30","slug":"canada-lunar-exploration-strategy","status":"publish","type":"cu_story","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/story\/canada-lunar-exploration-strategy\/","title":{"rendered":"Canada\u2019s approach to lunar exploration needs to be strategic or we\u2019ll be left behind"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-max  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n                    \n                    \n            \n    <div class=\"cu-wideimage relative flex items-center justify-center mx-auto px-8 overflow-hidden md:px-16 rounded-xl not-prose  my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 bg-opacity-50 bg-cover bg-cu-black-50 pt-24 pb-32 md:pt-28 md:pb-44 lg:pt-36 lg:pb-60 xl:pt-48 xl:pb-72\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/162\/conversation-canada-lunar-exploration-1200w-1.jpg); background-position: 50% 50%;\">\n\n                    <div class=\"absolute top-0 w-full h-screen\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.600);\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"relative z-[2] max-w-4xl w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-2 cu-wideimage-image cu-zero-first-last\">\n            <header class=\"mx-auto mb-6 text-center text-white cu-pageheader cu-component-updated cu-pageheader--center md:mb-12\">\n\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold mb-2 text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] cu-pageheader--center text-center mx-auto after:left-px\">\n                        Canada\u2019s approach to lunar exploration needs to be strategic or we\u2019ll be left behind\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                            <\/header>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"absolute bottom-0 w-full z-[1]\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 1280 312\">\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M26.412 315.608c-.602-.268-6.655-2.412-13.524-4.769a1943.84 1943.84 0 0 1-14.682-5.144l-2.276-.858v-5.358c0-4.876.086-5.358.773-5.09 1.674.643 21.38 5.84 34.646 9.109 14.682 3.59 28.935 6.858 45.936 10.449l9.874 2.089H57.322c-16.4 0-30.31-.16-30.91-.428ZM460.019 315.233c42.974-10.074 75.602-19.88 132.443-39.867 76.16-26.791 152.063-57.709 222.385-90.663 16.7-7.823 21.336-10.074 44.262-21.273 85.004-41.688 134.719-64.193 195.291-88.413 66.55-26.577 145.2-53.584 194.27-66.765C1258.5 5.626 1281.34 0 1282.24 0c.17 0 .34 27.596.34 61.3v61.299l-2.23.375c-84.7 13.718-165.93 35.955-310.736 84.931-46.494 15.753-65.427 22.076-96.166 32.15-9.102 3-24.814 8.198-34.989 11.574-107.543 35.954-153.008 50.422-196.626 62.639l-6.74 1.876-89.126-.054c-78.135-.054-88.782-.161-85.948-.857ZM729.628 312.875c33.229-10.985 69.248-23.523 127.506-44.207 118.705-42.223 164.596-57.709 217.446-73.302 2.62-.75 8.29-2.465 12.67-3.751 56.19-16.772 126.94-33.597 184.17-43.671 5.07-.91 9.66-1.768 10.22-1.875l.94-.161v170.236l-281.28-.054H719.968l9.66-3.215ZM246.864 313.411c-65.041-2.251-143.047-12.11-208.432-26.256-18.375-3.965-41.73-9.538-42.202-10.074-.171-.214-.257-21.38-.214-47.046l.129-46.618 6.654 3.697c57.313 32.043 118.491 56.531 197.699 79.143 40.313 11.521 83.459 18.058 138.669 21.059 15.584.857 65.685.857 81.14 0 33.744-1.876 61.306-4.93 88.396-9.806 6.396-1.126 11.634-1.983 11.722-1.929.255.375-20.48 7.769-30.999 11.038-28.592 8.948-59.288 15.646-91.873 20.147-26.36 3.59-50.015 5.627-78.35 6.698-15.584.59-55.209.59-72.339-.053Z\"><\/path>\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M-3.066 295.067 32.06 304.1v9.033H-3.066v-18.066Z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n\n    \n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>Should Canada go to the moon? What\u2019s there for Canadians? It is these questions that we should ponder when Prime Minister Justin Trudeau recently announced that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/canada\/article-canada-is-going-to-the-moon-trudeau-announces-canada-will-join-the\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canada will be participating in the new space exploration vision<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a professor of space robotics at a Canadian university, I should welcome this news, but I am not so sure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The United States <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/topics\/moon-to-mars\/lunar-outpost\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lunar Gateway<\/a> is an incremental progression from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/mission_pages\/station\/main\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Space Station<\/a> (ISS) that has dominated American (and Canadian) human spaceflight for the past few decades. Of course, the history of the ISS has been <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.296.5572.1387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mired in controversy<\/a>   \u2014 it was expensive, purposeless, took decades to design, re-design and finally build. It has neither yielded any great scientific advances nor has it advanced human Mars exploration as originally proposed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"canada-in-space\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Canada in space<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada\u2019s role on the ISS was to supply a suite of robot arms, including <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asc-csa.gc.ca\/eng\/iss\/canadarm2\/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canadarm 2<\/a>. They were paid for by the Canadian taxpayer to a single Canadian company, MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates (MDA) Ltd. In turn, we obtained seats on the ISS for our Canadian astronaut corps, including <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asc-csa.gc.ca\/eng\/astronauts\/canadian\/former\/bio-chris-hadfield.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Col. Chris Hadfield<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no doubt that Hadfield, our own star-faring troubadour, and his Canadian astronaut colleagues have done much to raise awareness of Canada\u2019s participation in the human space program. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"688\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/KaOC9danxNo?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Chris Hadfield sings David Bowie\u2019s \u2018Space Oddity\u2019 in space.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Lunar Gateway is an extrapolation our previous arrangements regarding the ISS. It comprises a similar space station to be built in orbit, this time around the moon instead of the Earth. Yes, Earth is so pass\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"tax-dollars-for-canadarm-3\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tax dollars for Canadarm 3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada\u2019s participation is to be dominated by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asc-csa.gc.ca\/eng\/canadarm\/ngc.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">developing a new Canadarm 3<\/a>, to be mounted onto this orbital space station, once again paid for by you, the taxpayer. The lion\u2019s share of your money will be funnelled to that same single Canadian company, MDA. In return, we shall have seats for a new generation of Canadian astronauts on the Gateway station. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet, the Gateway promises to be another white elephant like its predecessor the ISS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This brings to the fore two important questions. Firstly, is it appropriate for the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asc-csa.gc.ca\/eng\/Default.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canadian Space Agency<\/a> to act as a government conduit of enormous taxpayer funds to a single company? This company has not been known for generously sharing their toys with the other children on the playground. Surely, the Canadian government should be serving the wider space community? What about small and medium enterprises? What\u2019s their stake? What about universities, which are repositories of some of the best minds in Canada? Are they all to be offered only meagre crumbs from the top table? Is Canadarm 3 promised to yield great technological leaps in our country? <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When the<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1116\/1.573952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Canadarm was developed in the 1970s<\/a>, it was an innovative and new concept in fitting with the new U.S. space shuttle. NASA didn\u2019t realize it had a need for it until, later, it realized it did   \u2014 Canadian ingenuity came to the rescue because we had found a weakness in NASA\u2019s armour and exploited it. Canada became the world leaders in this new technological capability: space robotics. Since then, we have re-vamped the shuttle Canadarm for the Space Station, and that will in turn be re-vamped for the Lunar Gateway. Yawn!<br>\nThe second question is will Canadarm 3 project Canadian space interests into the future? I think not. Not a Canadian boot shall step forth onto the moon\u2019s surface because the Lunar Gateway is an orbital station. The true value of lunar exploration will not be in orbit but on the lunar surface. Everyone   \u2014Europe, China, India, Japan and the U.S.   \u2014 is interested in setting up shop there. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-race-for-the-moon\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The race for the moon<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What\u2019s so attractive about the moon? The Europeans envisage a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/moonvillageassociation.org\/about\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Moon Village<\/a>\u201d on the lunar surface comprising a mixture of government, scientific, commercial and private assets. The so-called \u201cNew Space\u201d approach in the U.S. has <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-5225-7561-0.ch006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">encouraged the private sector with a more aggressive and pioneering approach to space exploration<\/a> in seeking commercial ventures, often in partnership with the public sector. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entrepreneurs are opening new avenues for commercial prospecting   \u2014 some successful, some not so much \u2014 and crucial to this is a culture of entrepreneurship and competing ideas. It is this culture that has fostered interest in the lunar surface. There are ample commercial prospects to be had: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/6.1998-1069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mining water ice<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2514\/6.1996-488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">supplying hydrogen and oxygen<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TMAG.2006.887443\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">building electromagnetic launchers<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)0893-1321(2002)15:2(33)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lunar base construction services<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.philipmetzger.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Commercial-Lunar-Propellant-Architecture.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">lunar mining<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">additive manufacturing<\/a> and so on, to support a growing lunar infrastructure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"global-competition\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Global competition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the U.S. and Europe have fostered an entrepreneurial atmosphere to incubate competitive ideas for the next stage of space exploration on the moon, Mars and asteroids by encouraging commercial development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, one European start-up company is developing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.space-exploration-masters.com\/winner\/terrabox-lunabox-customer-service-in-the-solar-system\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a box into which lunar soil may be shovelled and out the other side rolls out a carpet of solar cells for harnessing sunlight<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is Canada doing? <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asc-csa.gc.ca\/eng\/publications\/corporate.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Writing policy reports<\/a> that no one will ever read or that impose a straitjacket for Canadian activities. Hardly conducive to the fostering of innovative and competitive ideas across Canada in opening a new frontier. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.esa.int\/spaceinvideos\/content\/view\/embedjw\/496635\" width=\"100%\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So, where does Canada fit into all this? I believe the Lunar Gateway will restrict our opportunities on the moon rather than expand them. Canada has a vast array of expertise to contribute in rover vehicles, drilling, robotic mining, mineral processing, robotic construction, sustainable chemical processing, artificial intelligence, 3D printing and robotic manufacturing that are all essential to the development of a lunar surface infrastructure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We already lead in relevant core technologies areas on Earth and in space which are directly applicable to this new commercial environment. If Canadian taxpayer funds are funnelled to a small MDA-led Canadarm 3 consortium, there will be little left to invest in true commercial ventures on the lunar surface. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We will be left behind in orbit around the moon, having committed our investment for the next decade or two to serving the Gateway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/carleton-university-900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Carleton University is a member of this unique digital journalism platform that launched in June 2017 to boost visibility of Canada\u2019s academic faculty and researchers. Interested in writing a piece? Please contact <a href=\"mailto:steven.reid3@carleton.ca\">Steven Reid<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/become-an-author\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to become an author<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>All photos provided by The Conversation from various sources.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/\">Carleton Newsroom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/112823\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Should Canada go to the moon? What\u2019s there for Canadians? It is these questions that we should ponder when Prime Minister Justin Trudeau recently announced that Canada will be participating in the new space exploration vision. As a professor of space robotics at a Canadian university, I should welcome this news, but I am not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":410,"featured_media":63379,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_story_type":[1623],"cu_story_tag":[],"class_list":["post-63378","cu_story","type-cu_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cu_story_type-expert-perspectives"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/63378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cu_story"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/410"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/63378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":63383,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/63378\/revisions\/63383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/63379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=63378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_story_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_type?post=63378"},{"taxonomy":"cu_story_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_tag?post=63378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}