{"id":67930,"date":"2020-07-20T13:44:00","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T17:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/?post_type=cu_story&#038;p=67930"},"modified":"2025-08-19T09:37:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:37:21","slug":"science-fiction-interconnectedness-pandemic","status":"publish","type":"cu_story","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/story\/science-fiction-interconnectedness-pandemic\/","title":{"rendered":"Science fiction explores the interconnectedness revealed by the coronavirus pandemic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-max  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n                    \n                    \n            \n    <div class=\"cu-wideimage relative flex items-center justify-center mx-auto px-8 overflow-hidden md:px-16 rounded-xl not-prose  my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 bg-opacity-50 bg-cover bg-cu-black-50 pt-24 pb-32 md:pt-28 md:pb-44 lg:pt-36 lg:pb-60 xl:pt-48 xl:pb-72\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/162\/science-fiction-pandemic-1200w-1.jpg); background-position: 50% 50%;\">\n\n                    <div class=\"absolute top-0 w-full h-screen\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.600);\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"relative z-[2] max-w-4xl w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-2 cu-wideimage-image cu-zero-first-last\">\n            <header class=\"mx-auto mb-6 text-center text-white cu-pageheader cu-component-updated cu-pageheader--center md:mb-12\">\n\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold mb-2 text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] cu-pageheader--center text-center mx-auto after:left-px\">\n                        Science fiction explores the interconnectedness revealed by the coronavirus pandemic\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                            <\/header>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"absolute bottom-0 w-full z-[1]\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 1280 312\">\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M26.412 315.608c-.602-.268-6.655-2.412-13.524-4.769a1943.84 1943.84 0 0 1-14.682-5.144l-2.276-.858v-5.358c0-4.876.086-5.358.773-5.09 1.674.643 21.38 5.84 34.646 9.109 14.682 3.59 28.935 6.858 45.936 10.449l9.874 2.089H57.322c-16.4 0-30.31-.16-30.91-.428ZM460.019 315.233c42.974-10.074 75.602-19.88 132.443-39.867 76.16-26.791 152.063-57.709 222.385-90.663 16.7-7.823 21.336-10.074 44.262-21.273 85.004-41.688 134.719-64.193 195.291-88.413 66.55-26.577 145.2-53.584 194.27-66.765C1258.5 5.626 1281.34 0 1282.24 0c.17 0 .34 27.596.34 61.3v61.299l-2.23.375c-84.7 13.718-165.93 35.955-310.736 84.931-46.494 15.753-65.427 22.076-96.166 32.15-9.102 3-24.814 8.198-34.989 11.574-107.543 35.954-153.008 50.422-196.626 62.639l-6.74 1.876-89.126-.054c-78.135-.054-88.782-.161-85.948-.857ZM729.628 312.875c33.229-10.985 69.248-23.523 127.506-44.207 118.705-42.223 164.596-57.709 217.446-73.302 2.62-.75 8.29-2.465 12.67-3.751 56.19-16.772 126.94-33.597 184.17-43.671 5.07-.91 9.66-1.768 10.22-1.875l.94-.161v170.236l-281.28-.054H719.968l9.66-3.215ZM246.864 313.411c-65.041-2.251-143.047-12.11-208.432-26.256-18.375-3.965-41.73-9.538-42.202-10.074-.171-.214-.257-21.38-.214-47.046l.129-46.618 6.654 3.697c57.313 32.043 118.491 56.531 197.699 79.143 40.313 11.521 83.459 18.058 138.669 21.059 15.584.857 65.685.857 81.14 0 33.744-1.876 61.306-4.93 88.396-9.806 6.396-1.126 11.634-1.983 11.722-1.929.255.375-20.48 7.769-30.999 11.038-28.592 8.948-59.288 15.646-91.873 20.147-26.36 3.59-50.015 5.627-78.35 6.698-15.584.59-55.209.59-72.339-.053Z\"><\/path>\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M-3.066 295.067 32.06 304.1v9.033H-3.066v-18.066Z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n\n    \n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>In the early days of the coronavirus outbreak, a theory widely shared on social media suggested that a science fiction text, Dean Koontz\u2019s 1981 science fiction novel, <em>The Eyes of Darkness<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/books\/2020\/mar\/05\/theres-something-out-there-spread-of-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">had predicted the coronavirus pandemic with uncanny precision<\/a>. COVID-19 has held the entire world hostage, producing a resemblance to the post-apocalyptic world depicted in many science fiction texts.<br>\nCanadian author Margaret Atwood\u2019s classic 2003 novel <em>Oryx and Crake<\/em> refers to a time when \u201cthere was a lot of dismay out there, and not enough ambulances\u201d \u2014 a prediction of our current predicament.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the connection between science fiction and pandemics runs deeper. They are linked by a perception of globality, what sociologist Roland Robertson defines as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/world-realities-and-international-studies-today\/oclc\/38685423\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the consciousness of the world as a whole<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"globality-in-science-fiction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Globality in science fiction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his 1992 survey of the history of telecommunications, <a href=\"https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/book\/10.5555\/531104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>How the World Was One<\/em><\/a>, Arthur C. Clarke alludes to the famed historian Alfred Toynbee\u2019s lecture entitled \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ahistoryofthepresentananthology.blogspot.com\/2015\/07\/the-unification-of-world-and-change-in.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Unification of the World<\/a>.\u201d Delivered at the University of London in 1947, Toynbee envisions a \u201csingle planetary society\u201d and notes how \u201cdespite all the linguistic, religious and cultural barriers that still sunder nations and divide them into yet smaller tribes, the unification of the world has passed the point of no return.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Science fiction writers have, indeed, always embraced globality. In interplanetary texts, humans of all nations, races and genders have to come together as one people in the face of alien invasions. Facing an interplanetary encounter, bellicose nations have to reluctantly eschew political rivalries and collaborate on a global scale, as in Denis Villeneuve\u2019s 2018 film, <em>Arrival<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"688\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tFMo3UJ4B4g?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">In \u2018Arrival,\u2019 people on Earth have to contend with the appearance of aliens.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Globality is central to science fiction. To be identified as an Earthling, one has to transcend the local and the national, and sometimes, even the global, by embracing a larger planetary consciousness. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguinrandomhouse.com\/books\/538943\/the-left-hand-of-darkness-by-ursula-k-le-guin\/9780143111597\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The Left Hand of Darkness<\/em><\/a>, Ursula K. Le Guin conceptualizes the Ekumen, which comprises 83 habitable planets. The idea of the Ekumen was borrowed from Le Guin\u2019s father, the noted cultural anthropologist Arthur L. Kroeber. Kroeber had, in a 1945 paper, introduced the concept (from Greek <em>oikoumene<\/em>) to represent a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/2844276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">historic culture aggregate<\/a>.\u201d Originally, Kroeber used <em>oikoumene<\/em> to refer to the \u201centire inhabited world,\u201d as he traced back human culture to one single people. Le Guin then adopted this idea of a common origin of shared humanity in her novel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"globality-of-the-pandemic\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Globality of the pandemic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image align-right zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/347468\/original\/file-20200714-139992-hfk3uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/347468\/original\/file-20200714-139992-hfk3uz.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"A cover of the book The Calcutta Chromosome.\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\n              <span class=\"caption\">In \u2018The Calcutta Chromosome,\u2019 Amitav Ghosh explores the spread of malaria. <span class=\"source\">(Penguin Randomhouse)<\/span><\/span><br>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Many medical science fiction texts depict diseases afflicting all of humanity which must put up a unified front or perish. These narratives underscore the fluid and transnational histories of diseases, their impact and possible cure. In Amitav Ghosh\u2019s 1995 novel, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.harpercollins.com\/9780380813940\/the-calcutta-chromosome\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>The Calcutta Chromosome<\/em><\/a>, he weaves an interconnected history of malaria that spans continents over a century, while challenging Eurocentricism and foregrounding the subversive role of Indigenous knowledge in malaria research. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The epigraph quotes a poem by Sir Ronald Ross, the Nobel Prize-winning scientist credited with the discovery of the mosquito as the malaria vector:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Seeking His secret deeds<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With tears and toiling breath,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I find thy cunning seeds,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>O million-murdering Death.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Pandemics are by definition global. On March 11, 2020, <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5791661\/who-coronavirus-pandemic-declaration\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic<\/a>, noting that \u201c[p]andemic is not a word to use lightly or carelessly. It is a word that, if misused, can cause unreasonable fear, or unjustified acceptance that the fight is over, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/dg\/speeches\/detail\/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leading to unnecessary suffering and death<\/a>.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>COVID-19 has forced billions into social isolation and continues to wreak havoc on an unprecedented global scale. Eerily similar photographs of masked faces, PPE-clad front-line workers and deserted downtowns emerged from every corner of the world. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, a pandemic is not global merely in its spread \u2014 one needs to harness its globality to counter and eventually defeat it. As Israeli historian Yuval Harari notes, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/19d90308-6858-11ea-a3c9-1fe6fedcca75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">in the choice between national isolationism and global solidarity, we must choose the latter and adopt a \u201cspirit of global co-operation and trust\u201d<\/a>: <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>What an Italian doctor discovers in Milan in the early morning might well save lives in Tehran by evening. When the U.K. government hesitates between several policies, it can get advice from the Koreans who have already faced a similar dilemma a month ago. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Regarding Canada\u2019s response to the crisis, researchers have noted both the immorality and futility of a nationalistic \u201cCanada First\u201d approach. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clearly, a nation cannot insulate itself from the deleterious effects of the pandemic by closing its hearts and borders. Tightening immigration can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/07\/07\/politics\/trump-administration-pandemic-immigration-changes\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">temporarily stanch the flow of people<\/a>, but the virus, like the \u201cmillion-murdering death,\u201d is treacherous in its border-defying agility. Presently, as many nations experience a resurgence of nationalism and exclusionary policies of walls and borders, the pandemic is a harsh reminder of the lived reality of our transnational interconnectedness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/carleton-university-900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Carleton University is a member of this unique digital journalism platform that launched in June 2017 to boost visibility of Canada\u2019s academic faculty and researchers. Interested in writing a piece? Please contact <a href=\"mailto:steven.reid3@carleton.ca\">Steven Reid<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/become-an-author\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to become an author<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>All photos provided by The Conversation from various sources.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/\">Carleton Newsroom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/139021\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the early days of the coronavirus outbreak, a theory widely shared on social media suggested that a science fiction text, Dean Koontz\u2019s 1981 science fiction novel, The Eyes of Darkness, had predicted the coronavirus pandemic with uncanny precision. COVID-19 has held the entire world hostage, producing a resemblance to the post-apocalyptic world depicted in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":410,"featured_media":67931,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_story_type":[1623],"cu_story_tag":[],"class_list":["post-67930","cu_story","type-cu_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cu_story_type-expert-perspectives"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/67930","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cu_story"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/410"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/67930\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":67939,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/67930\/revisions\/67939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/67931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=67930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_story_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_type?post=67930"},{"taxonomy":"cu_story_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_tag?post=67930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}