{"id":70509,"date":"2020-10-25T23:00:04","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T03:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/?post_type=cu_story&#038;p=70509"},"modified":"2025-08-19T09:37:19","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:37:19","slug":"qanon-culture-moral-panic","status":"publish","type":"cu_story","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/story\/qanon-culture-moral-panic\/","title":{"rendered":"Folk devils and fear: QAnon feeds into a culture of moral panic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-max  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n                    \n                    \n            \n    <div class=\"cu-wideimage relative flex items-center justify-center mx-auto px-8 overflow-hidden md:px-16 rounded-xl not-prose  my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 bg-opacity-50 bg-cover bg-cu-black-50 pt-24 pb-32 md:pt-28 md:pb-44 lg:pt-36 lg:pb-60 xl:pt-48 xl:pb-72\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/162\/conversation-trust-the-plan-1200w-1.jpg); background-position: 50% 50%;\">\n\n                    <div class=\"absolute top-0 w-full h-screen\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.600);\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"relative z-[2] max-w-4xl w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-2 cu-wideimage-image cu-zero-first-last\">\n            <header class=\"mx-auto mb-6 text-center text-white cu-pageheader cu-component-updated cu-pageheader--center md:mb-12\">\n\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold mb-2 text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] cu-pageheader--center text-center mx-auto after:left-px\">\n                        Folk devils and fear: QAnon feeds into a culture of moral panic\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                            <\/header>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"absolute bottom-0 w-full z-[1]\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 1280 312\">\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M26.412 315.608c-.602-.268-6.655-2.412-13.524-4.769a1943.84 1943.84 0 0 1-14.682-5.144l-2.276-.858v-5.358c0-4.876.086-5.358.773-5.09 1.674.643 21.38 5.84 34.646 9.109 14.682 3.59 28.935 6.858 45.936 10.449l9.874 2.089H57.322c-16.4 0-30.31-.16-30.91-.428ZM460.019 315.233c42.974-10.074 75.602-19.88 132.443-39.867 76.16-26.791 152.063-57.709 222.385-90.663 16.7-7.823 21.336-10.074 44.262-21.273 85.004-41.688 134.719-64.193 195.291-88.413 66.55-26.577 145.2-53.584 194.27-66.765C1258.5 5.626 1281.34 0 1282.24 0c.17 0 .34 27.596.34 61.3v61.299l-2.23.375c-84.7 13.718-165.93 35.955-310.736 84.931-46.494 15.753-65.427 22.076-96.166 32.15-9.102 3-24.814 8.198-34.989 11.574-107.543 35.954-153.008 50.422-196.626 62.639l-6.74 1.876-89.126-.054c-78.135-.054-88.782-.161-85.948-.857ZM729.628 312.875c33.229-10.985 69.248-23.523 127.506-44.207 118.705-42.223 164.596-57.709 217.446-73.302 2.62-.75 8.29-2.465 12.67-3.751 56.19-16.772 126.94-33.597 184.17-43.671 5.07-.91 9.66-1.768 10.22-1.875l.94-.161v170.236l-281.28-.054H719.968l9.66-3.215ZM246.864 313.411c-65.041-2.251-143.047-12.11-208.432-26.256-18.375-3.965-41.73-9.538-42.202-10.074-.171-.214-.257-21.38-.214-47.046l.129-46.618 6.654 3.697c57.313 32.043 118.491 56.531 197.699 79.143 40.313 11.521 83.459 18.058 138.669 21.059 15.584.857 65.685.857 81.14 0 33.744-1.876 61.306-4.93 88.396-9.806 6.396-1.126 11.634-1.983 11.722-1.929.255.375-20.48 7.769-30.999 11.038-28.592 8.948-59.288 15.646-91.873 20.147-26.36 3.59-50.015 5.627-78.35 6.698-15.584.59-55.209.59-72.339-.053Z\"><\/path>\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M-3.066 295.067 32.06 304.1v9.033H-3.066v-18.066Z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n\n    \n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>Using conspiracy theories that include child sex traffickers and restaurants serving human flesh, QAnon has unleashed a modern-day moral panic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is now more than 30 years since sociologists proposed moral panic as a way to understand the incitement of fear around a perceived enemy. In the opening paragraph of his canonical study of popular media from 1972, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.routledge.com\/Folk-Devils-and-Moral-Panics\/Cohen\/p\/book\/9780415610162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Folk Devils and Moral Panics<\/em><\/a>, sociologist Stanley Cohen outlined his basic thesis: <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Societies appear to be subject, every now and then, to periods of moral panic. A condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>In President Donald Trump\u2019s America, those people are queers, racial minorities and Jews. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time Cohen was writing, his focus was on popular media and the manipulation of mods and rockers as moral degenerates. He argued that those in positions of authority used sensationalized headlines to enforce what they saw as threats to social order. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We find ourselves in a similar place today. The media in question is social, but the targets are as old as journalism itself. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rights-and-recognition\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rights and recognition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Trump refused to call out QAnon in his Oct. 15 town hall, preferring to show sympathy for its purported fight against pedophilia, he tapped into a moral panic with deep historical roots. The danger that QAnon poses is not that it\u2019s endorsed by the president. It\u2019s the way it speaks to long-festering hatreds that transcend political affiliation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure>\n            <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"688\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GNI553Np__k?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"\"><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">During a news conference on Aug. 20, 2020, Trump responds to a journalist asking him to comment on QAnon.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>QAnon was born digital in the age of \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17405904.2018.1450276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">platformed antagonism<\/a>,\u201d where social media breathes new life into racist stereotypes. But its appeal owes to a longer history of animosity towards sexual and racial minorities at critical points in their quest for rights and recognition. It does this through the use of the <a href=\"https:\/\/newrepublic.com\/article\/159529\/qanon-blood-libel-satanic-panic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">modern-day blood libel accusation<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"murder-matzo-and-mayhem\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Murder, matzo and mayhem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Charges of ritual murder were frequently waged against Europe\u2019s Jewish populations as an effort to reinforce the exclusionary logic of ethnic nationalism. Jews were accused of kidnapping and murdering gentile children so as to boil their blood and make matzo. Ritual murder accusations could result in mob violence, as it was in 1901 in the case of a local <a href=\"https:\/\/wwnorton.com\/books\/The-Butchers-Tale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jewish butcher<\/a> in the West Prussian town of Koenitz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jews were also slandered for their role in the so-called white slave trade, the luring of young white women into prostitution. This mix of sexual excess and ritualistic fervour went hand-in-hand with Jewish emancipation, visibility and new-found claims to equal citizenship. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/06\/27\/technology\/pizzagate-justin-bieber-qanon-tiktok.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Both the Pizzagate<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/ca.reuters.com\/article\/idUSKBN25G1IV\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cannibal Club<\/a> conspiracies in QAnon share roots with the blood libel accusation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suggestions that Hillary Clinton and financier George Soros <a href=\"https:\/\/www.snopes.com\/fact-check\/soros-clinton-trump-accuser\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">were part of a global sex ring<\/a> have long permeated social media networks. In 2018, these claims morphed in a new direction: children were not just being lured into a sexual underground, <a href=\"https:\/\/spectator.us\/fear-adrenochrome-conspiracy-theory-drug\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they were considered sources of adrenochrome<\/a>, a chemical with hallucinogenic qualities harvested for satanic rituals. A cabal of elites didn\u2019t just harvest children\u2019s blood, they consumed the flesh itself: as proof, conspiracy theorists pointed to a website that falsely claimed that Raven Chan \u2014 Mark Zuckerberg\u2019s sister-in-law \u2014 was involved with a fake restaurant called the Cannibal Club.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usatoday.com\/story\/news\/factcheck\/2020\/08\/25\/fact-check-cannibal-club-fake-priscilla-chan-isnt-involved\/3310368001\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Although the story has since been debunked<\/a>, it\u2019s alive and well on social media, surfacing most recently in the hashtags used by Twitterers in the wake of the Trump town hall, linking Hollywood to human sacrifice, secret societies and pedophilia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"panic-at-the-movements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Panic at the movements<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar moral panics accompanied the pursuit of equality by gays and lesbians, with fears around the seduction of minors frequently used as an argument against criminal justice reform. The new-found visibility of the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17813\/maiq.4.1.r34444x4376v1x31\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gay Liberation Front<\/a> and lesbian, feminist and Black power movements unleashed a preoccupation with adolescence, childhood sexuality and age of consent. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders \u2014 used to define and classify mental disorders \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/bs5040565\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">removed homosexuality from its list of paraphilias in 1973<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/politics\/archive\/2015\/07\/the-conservative-split-on-the-meaning-of-marriage\/397415\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">conservatives lamented the legalization of same-sex sexuality<\/a> for what they saw as a sea change in societal values. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1977\/06\/07\/archives\/anita-bryants-crusade.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Anti-gay rights activist Anita Bryant\u2019s<\/a> \u201cProtect America\u2019s Children\u201d campaign <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10510977909368019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave this moral panic a celebrity face<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The AIDS epidemic, scandals within the Catholic Church, trans rights and, most recently, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.townandcountrymag.com\/society\/money-and-power\/a28352055\/jeffrey-epstein-criminal-case-facts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the Jeffrey Epstein assaults<\/a> have all cast renewed attention on the history of changing social and sexual mores brought about by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.city-journal.org\/html\/sexual-revolutions-angry-children-15827.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sexual revolution<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At its core, the preoccupation with pedophilia and childhood sexuality is an attempt to protect the heterosexual family as the bedrock of society, a salve against degeneration and excess. There are too many examples to list, from Pope Benedict blaming <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-pope-abuse-benedict-idUSKCN1RN0WI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">homosexual \u201ccliques\u201d<\/a> for the general collapse of morality in the late 20th century to opponents of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/14pdf\/14-556_3204.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2015 Obergefell decision legalizing gay marriage<\/a>, a cause c\u00e9l\u00e8bre in the conservative media linking gay, lesbian, and trans rights with pedophilia as a <a href=\"https:\/\/thefederalist.com\/2019\/02\/21\/pedophile-project-7-year-old-next-sexual-revolutions-hit-parade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">leftist plot against the family<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even Dr. Anthony Fauci \u2014 a member of the White House Coronavirus Task Force \u2014 was not immune from conspiracy theorists who <a href=\"https:\/\/ca.reuters.com\/article\/idUSKBN2492A1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">falsely linked his wife to Epstein handler Ghislaine Maxwell<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-react-class=\"Tweet\" data-react-props=\"{&quot;tweetId&quot;:&quot;1301870407771807745&quot;}\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The QAnon conspiracy theory draws together anti-Semitism, sexual excess, homophobia and race-baiting in a modern-day moral panic. They resonate because they have a place in the contemporary zeitgeist as products of long-standing animosity against change. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De-platforming QAnon is not enough. For while Trump is proving himself to be conspiracist-in-chief, the culture of folk devils and fear is of our own making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/carleton-university-900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Carleton University is a member of this unique digital journalism platform that launched in June 2017 to boost visibility of Canada\u2019s academic faculty and researchers. Interested in writing a piece? Please contact <a href=\"mailto:steven.reid3@carleton.ca\">Steven Reid<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/become-an-author\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to become an author<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>All photos provided by The Conversation from various sources.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/\">Carleton Newsroom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/148606\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Using conspiracy theories that include child sex traffickers and restaurants serving human flesh, QAnon has unleashed a modern-day moral panic. It is now more than 30 years since sociologists proposed moral panic as a way to understand the incitement of fear around a perceived enemy. In the opening paragraph of his canonical study of popular [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":410,"featured_media":70510,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_story_type":[1623],"cu_story_tag":[],"class_list":["post-70509","cu_story","type-cu_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cu_story_type-expert-perspectives"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/70509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cu_story"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/410"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/70509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":70513,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/70509\/revisions\/70513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/70510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_story_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_type?post=70509"},{"taxonomy":"cu_story_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_tag?post=70509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}