{"id":72020,"date":"2020-11-10T16:00:57","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T21:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/?post_type=cu_story&#038;p=72020"},"modified":"2025-08-19T09:37:18","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:37:18","slug":"trump-lost-racism-alive","status":"publish","type":"cu_story","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/story\/trump-lost-racism-alive\/","title":{"rendered":"Trump lost, but racism is alive and infused in U.S. history"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-max  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n                    \n                    \n            \n    <div class=\"cu-wideimage relative flex items-center justify-center mx-auto px-8 overflow-hidden md:px-16 rounded-xl not-prose  my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 bg-opacity-50 bg-cover bg-cu-black-50 pt-24 pb-32 md:pt-28 md:pb-44 lg:pt-36 lg:pb-60 xl:pt-48 xl:pb-72\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/162\/conversation-trump-car-1200w-1.jpg); background-position: 50% 50%;\">\n\n                    <div class=\"absolute top-0 w-full h-screen\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.600);\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"relative z-[2] max-w-4xl w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-2 cu-wideimage-image cu-zero-first-last\">\n            <header class=\"mx-auto mb-6 text-center text-white cu-pageheader cu-component-updated cu-pageheader--center md:mb-12\">\n\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold mb-2 text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] cu-pageheader--center text-center mx-auto after:left-px\">\n                        Trump lost, but racism is alive and infused in U.S. history\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                            <\/header>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"absolute bottom-0 w-full z-[1]\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 1280 312\">\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M26.412 315.608c-.602-.268-6.655-2.412-13.524-4.769a1943.84 1943.84 0 0 1-14.682-5.144l-2.276-.858v-5.358c0-4.876.086-5.358.773-5.09 1.674.643 21.38 5.84 34.646 9.109 14.682 3.59 28.935 6.858 45.936 10.449l9.874 2.089H57.322c-16.4 0-30.31-.16-30.91-.428ZM460.019 315.233c42.974-10.074 75.602-19.88 132.443-39.867 76.16-26.791 152.063-57.709 222.385-90.663 16.7-7.823 21.336-10.074 44.262-21.273 85.004-41.688 134.719-64.193 195.291-88.413 66.55-26.577 145.2-53.584 194.27-66.765C1258.5 5.626 1281.34 0 1282.24 0c.17 0 .34 27.596.34 61.3v61.299l-2.23.375c-84.7 13.718-165.93 35.955-310.736 84.931-46.494 15.753-65.427 22.076-96.166 32.15-9.102 3-24.814 8.198-34.989 11.574-107.543 35.954-153.008 50.422-196.626 62.639l-6.74 1.876-89.126-.054c-78.135-.054-88.782-.161-85.948-.857ZM729.628 312.875c33.229-10.985 69.248-23.523 127.506-44.207 118.705-42.223 164.596-57.709 217.446-73.302 2.62-.75 8.29-2.465 12.67-3.751 56.19-16.772 126.94-33.597 184.17-43.671 5.07-.91 9.66-1.768 10.22-1.875l.94-.161v170.236l-281.28-.054H719.968l9.66-3.215ZM246.864 313.411c-65.041-2.251-143.047-12.11-208.432-26.256-18.375-3.965-41.73-9.538-42.202-10.074-.171-.214-.257-21.38-.214-47.046l.129-46.618 6.654 3.697c57.313 32.043 118.491 56.531 197.699 79.143 40.313 11.521 83.459 18.058 138.669 21.059 15.584.857 65.685.857 81.14 0 33.744-1.876 61.306-4.93 88.396-9.806 6.396-1.126 11.634-1.983 11.722-1.929.255.375-20.48 7.769-30.999 11.038-28.592 8.948-59.288 15.646-91.873 20.147-26.36 3.59-50.015 5.627-78.35 6.698-15.584.59-55.209.59-72.339-.053Z\"><\/path>\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M-3.066 295.067 32.06 304.1v9.033H-3.066v-18.066Z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n\n    \n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>The United States presidential election was a great spectacle. It was also a battle over the nation\u2019s history and its future. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As historians will tell you, how we characterize the past has direct bearing on how we imagine possible futures. What is the vision for a post-Trump America?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In both the lead-up to Nov. 3 and its aftermath, history loomed large. More than 200 scholars of authoritarianism, fascism and populism signed an <a href=\"http:\/\/newfascismsyllabus.com\/news-and-announcements\/an-open-letter-of-concern-by-scholars-of-authoritarianism\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Letter of Concern<\/a> about the imminent threat to democratic processes and institutions, drawing on histories of past regimes that have curtailed democratic rights and freedoms in moments of instability and unrest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fascism historians <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ruthbenghiat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ruth Ben-Ghiat<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/FinchelsteinF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Federico Finchelstein<\/a> warned that Donald Trump\u2019s narcissism is more than just a character flaw; it is a clarion call to build an authoritarian state. Even in defeat, <a href=\"https:\/\/wwnorton.com\/books\/strongmen\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">they argued<\/a>, strongmen and their followers often continue to undermine institutions \u2014 just as Trump appears to be doing following the election with his refusal to accept the results. The answer? See through the rhetoric, exercise caution and remain vigilant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">There\u2019s a reason for that: we interrupted a process of authoritarian takeover. Read about what we could have become here: <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/ch2CsmMkPH\">https:\/\/t.co\/ch2CsmMkPH<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/R6FITNX9si\">https:\/\/t.co\/R6FITNX9si<\/a><\/p><p>\u2014 Ruth Ben-Ghiat (@ruthbenghiat) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ruthbenghiat\/status\/1325425473661390848?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 8, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For others, fascism may not be knocking at the door, but the shock of the 2016 election was not undone by the 2020 results. If anything, the strong showing of the Republican party, despite a platform of xenophobia and hatred, exposed the chasms that divide Americans by race <a href=\"https:\/\/workingclassstudies.wordpress.com\/2020\/11\/09\/cultural-and-political-diversity-in-the-white-working-class\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">and class<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trump is reminiscent of far-away strongmen like Hungary\u2019s Viktor Orb\u00e1n and Turkey\u2019s Recep Tayyip Erdogan. A good portion of the electorate likes what he\u2019s selling anyway. That\u2019s a bitter pill for a country that came of age on pledges of allegiance to fundamental freedoms. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As historian <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/nov\/05\/biden-presidency-face-obstruction-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adam Tooze<\/a> put it in the <em>Guardian<\/em> immediately after the election, Trump supporters love \u201chis aggression, and his gleeful slaughter of liberal sacred cows.\u201d Will the defeat of a single politician silence his millions of supporters and change a system rife with inequality and abuse?        <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368162\/original\/file-20201108-23-koz92x.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"People carrying anti-Trump signs gather with the White House seen in the background.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\n              <span class=\"caption\">Americans celebrate the election\u2019s outcome outside the White House, in Black Lives Matter Plaza, on Nov. 8, 2020.<\/span><br>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">(AP Photo\/J. Scott Applewhite)<\/span><\/span><br>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"changed-the-playing-field\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Changed the playing field<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even in defeat, Trump has already changed the playing field. His <a href=\"https:\/\/www.palgrave.com\/gp\/book\/9783319920092\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linguistic disobedience<\/a>, alternative facts, lies and media manipulation have given false claims some legitimacy, paving the way for others to carry the baton forward in a politics of hate, recriminations and denial of truth. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Without serious social and electoral reform, the next authoritarian to make a play to lead the U.S. may be much <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/ideas\/archive\/2020\/11\/trump-proved-authoritarians-can-get-elected-america\/617023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more capable<\/a>. Trump may have been stopped from his \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newyorker.com\/news\/our-columnists\/by-declaring-victory-donald-trump-is-attempting-an-autocratic-breakthrough\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">autocratic attempt<\/a>,\u201d but the party he transformed has yet to renounce his politics. Trump lost, but <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-elections-aff4f036b6b1d5e6559a8b6438d730c7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Trumpism is alive and well<\/a>, along with the conditions that propelled him to power in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368423\/original\/file-20201109-22-1vlixyo.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" alt=\"Trump supporters carry signs alleging an illegal election\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\n              <span class=\"caption\">Trump supporters protest outside the Pennsylvania Convention Center in Philadelphia on Nov. 8, 2020, a day after the 2020 election was called for Biden.<\/span><br>\n              <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">(AP Photo\/Rebecca Blackwell)<\/span><\/span><br>\n            <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>At best, the post-election future might be one of regrouping and rebuilding; at worst, there will be more challenges to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/nov\/05\/donald-trump-is-the-show-over-election-presidency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">legal norms and truths<\/a> by the outgoing president and the Republican Party. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"americans-rose-to-the-challenge\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Americans rose to the challenge?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Biden supporters, meanwhile, have tapped into other American pasts. While they acknowledge Trump\u2019s brutalism has been concerning, they saw Americans rising to the challenge, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wnet\/amanpour-and-company\/video\/norm-ornstein-and-heather-cox-richardson-on-the-election\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">taking back the conversation<\/a>\u201d and placing renewed faith in institutions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They saw glimmers of hope in the record-breaking voter turnout, and in efforts to replace Confederate emblems from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2020\/jun\/28\/mississippi-lawmakers-to-remove-confederate-emblem-state-flag\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state flags<\/a> and remove racist language from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/elanagross\/2020\/11\/04\/alabama-utah-nebraska-remove-racist-language-from-state-constitutions\/?sh=1ce6dd186130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state constitutions<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They revelled in America\u2019s diversity, praising the herculean efforts of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2020\/11\/08\/black-lives-matter-so-do-black-votes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">African American<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hcn.org\/articles\/indigenous-affairs-how-indigenous-voters-swung-the-2020-election\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Indigenous<\/a> activists and voters for defeating Trump. But they did so often without recognizing that these same groups had the most to lose from a Republican victory during a global pandemic that hit their communities particularly hard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some saw this election as an extension of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.com\/news\/magazine\/2020\/11\/08\/heres-what-kamala-harris-faces-as-a-first-435186\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Civil Rights movement struggles<\/a>, going so far as to compare Kamala Harris, the vice-president-elect, to Ruby Bridges, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/news\/heres-the-story-behind-that-viral-image-of-kamala-harris-and-ruby-bridges\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the girl who desegregated her Louisiana elementary school<\/a>. This is a broken democracy, the argument goes, not a defeated one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Artists: @briagoeller and @goodtrubble. <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/XysHw7m75m\">pic.twitter.com\/XysHw7m75m<\/a><\/p><p>\u2014 Amy Fast, Ed.D. (@fastcrayon) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/fastcrayon\/status\/1325124523356688384?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 7, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet American democracy <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenation.com\/article\/politics\/black-voters-win-election\/\">wasn\u2019t under attack simply by the Trump presidency<\/a>. It has never adequately accounted for <a href=\"https:\/\/truthout.org\/articles\/using-patriotism-to-deflect-racism-is-a-deadly-mistake\/?utm_campaign=Truthout+Share+Buttons\">minority experiences<\/a> in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Trump\u2019s everyday racism is not an aberration. Although it may be extreme, it\u2019s at the core of America\u2019s history. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tiffany Florvil, a scholar of transnational Black activism, put a fine point on it when she echoed the words of historian Thomas Holt: In the United States, \u201crace lives because it is part and parcel of the means of living.\u201d Racism is woven into the very fabric of American life. It is a feature of American democracy, not any authoritarian aberration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div align=\"center\">\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\"><p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\u201cAs for the thing itself-racism\u2019s powerful hold, its tenaciousness-it appears to arise not from some parasitic attachment on the surface of an otherwise healthy body politic but from viral growths within the living whole. (2)<\/p><p>\u2014 Dr. Tiffany N. Florvil (@tnflorvil) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/tnflorvil\/status\/1324736094202523649?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 6, 2020<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What this means is the Civil Rights movement is not a thing of the past. It is an ongoing, unfinished project. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scholars of African American history and law have been saying this for a long time. America\u2019s institutions, economy and media are all built upon a history of what UCLA historian Robin D.G. Kelley has called <a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2020\/06\/27\/robin-dg-kelley-intercepted\/\">racial capitalism<\/a> \u2014 a system of exploitation with repercussions into the current day. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Kimberl\u00e9 Crenshaw put it in <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/5891138\/critical-race-theory-explained\/\"><em>Time<\/em> magazine<\/a>, referring to Trump\u2019s directive to all federal agencies to stop anti-bias training to address white privilege:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"not-prose cu-quote cu-component-spacing\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s an approach to grappling with a history of white supremacy that rejects the belief that what\u2019s in the past is in the past, and that the laws and systems that grow from that past are detached from it.\u201d <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>America\u2019s past \u2014 borne of stolen land, slavery, head taxes and segregation \u2014 is evident in the dog whistles of Trump\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2020\/11\/05\/politics\/fact-check-trump-speech-thursday-election-rigged-stolen\/index.html\">rigged election speech<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/atlantablackstar.com\/2020\/11\/06\/it-feels-racial-trump-calls-philadelphia-and-detroit-most-corrupt-places-in-the-country-accused-of-singling-out-black-cities\/\">citing Detroit and Philadelphia<\/a> as notoriously corrupt, and the chatter on the far right about the need to turn the election result into a justification for another civil war. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But it also surfaces when Democrats too quickly forget the struggles racialized populations endure to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/2020\/11\/09\/its-time-recognize-forgotten-americans-who-helped-elect-joe-biden\/\">safeguard a democracy<\/a> that has not always protected them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All of these facets of America\u2019s past and future are circulating right now as Americans ponder Trump\u2019s exit and whether he will go peacefully. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the lessons drawn from history should not be solely focused on patterns that repeat themselves; they should also guide us in shaping policy and law. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only an honest engagement with the full scope of American history, including the crushing role racial inequality has played for generations, will help its citizens imagine an alternative future in which freedom and equality might indeed be possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This article is republished from <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/carleton-university-900\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Carleton University is a member of this unique digital journalism platform that launched in June 2017 to boost visibility of Canada\u2019s academic faculty and researchers. Interested in writing a piece? Please contact <a href=\"mailto:steven.reid3@carleton.ca\">Steven Reid<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/become-an-author\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to become an author<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>All photos provided by The Conversation from various sources.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/\">Carleton Newsroom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/149249\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The United States presidential election was a great spectacle. It was also a battle over the nation\u2019s history and its future. As historians will tell you, how we characterize the past has direct bearing on how we imagine possible futures. What is the vision for a post-Trump America? In both the lead-up to Nov. 3 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":410,"featured_media":72026,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_story_type":[1623],"cu_story_tag":[],"class_list":["post-72020","cu_story","type-cu_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cu_story_type-expert-perspectives"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/72020","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cu_story"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/410"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/72020\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":72030,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/72020\/revisions\/72030"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/72026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=72020"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_story_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_type?post=72020"},{"taxonomy":"cu_story_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_tag?post=72020"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}