{"id":82237,"date":"2022-05-12T12:20:33","date_gmt":"2022-05-12T16:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\/?post_type=cu_story&#038;p=82237"},"modified":"2025-08-19T09:37:09","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T13:37:09","slug":"dark-side-social-media-influencing","status":"publish","type":"cu_story","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/story\/dark-side-social-media-influencing\/","title":{"rendered":"The dark side of social media influencing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-max  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n                    \n                    \n            \n    <div class=\"cu-wideimage relative flex items-center justify-center mx-auto px-8 overflow-hidden md:px-16 rounded-xl not-prose  my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 bg-opacity-50 bg-cover bg-cu-black-50 pt-24 pb-32 md:pt-28 md:pb-44 lg:pt-36 lg:pb-60 xl:pt-48 xl:pb-72\" style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/162\/kim-kardashian-red-carpet-1200w-1.jpg); background-position: 50% 50%;\">\n\n                    <div class=\"absolute top-0 w-full h-screen\" style=\"background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.600);\"><\/div>\n        \n        <div class=\"relative z-[2] max-w-4xl w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-2 cu-wideimage-image cu-zero-first-last\">\n            <header class=\"mx-auto mb-6 text-center text-white cu-pageheader cu-component-updated cu-pageheader--center md:mb-12\">\n\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold mb-2 text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] cu-pageheader--center text-center mx-auto after:left-px\">\n                        The dark side of social media influencing\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                            <\/header>\n        <\/div>\n\n                    <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"absolute bottom-0 w-full z-[1]\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 1280 312\">\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M26.412 315.608c-.602-.268-6.655-2.412-13.524-4.769a1943.84 1943.84 0 0 1-14.682-5.144l-2.276-.858v-5.358c0-4.876.086-5.358.773-5.09 1.674.643 21.38 5.84 34.646 9.109 14.682 3.59 28.935 6.858 45.936 10.449l9.874 2.089H57.322c-16.4 0-30.31-.16-30.91-.428ZM460.019 315.233c42.974-10.074 75.602-19.88 132.443-39.867 76.16-26.791 152.063-57.709 222.385-90.663 16.7-7.823 21.336-10.074 44.262-21.273 85.004-41.688 134.719-64.193 195.291-88.413 66.55-26.577 145.2-53.584 194.27-66.765C1258.5 5.626 1281.34 0 1282.24 0c.17 0 .34 27.596.34 61.3v61.299l-2.23.375c-84.7 13.718-165.93 35.955-310.736 84.931-46.494 15.753-65.427 22.076-96.166 32.15-9.102 3-24.814 8.198-34.989 11.574-107.543 35.954-153.008 50.422-196.626 62.639l-6.74 1.876-89.126-.054c-78.135-.054-88.782-.161-85.948-.857ZM729.628 312.875c33.229-10.985 69.248-23.523 127.506-44.207 118.705-42.223 164.596-57.709 217.446-73.302 2.62-.75 8.29-2.465 12.67-3.751 56.19-16.772 126.94-33.597 184.17-43.671 5.07-.91 9.66-1.768 10.22-1.875l.94-.161v170.236l-281.28-.054H719.968l9.66-3.215ZM246.864 313.411c-65.041-2.251-143.047-12.11-208.432-26.256-18.375-3.965-41.73-9.538-42.202-10.074-.171-.214-.257-21.38-.214-47.046l.129-46.618 6.654 3.697c57.313 32.043 118.491 56.531 197.699 79.143 40.313 11.521 83.459 18.058 138.669 21.059 15.584.857 65.685.857 81.14 0 33.744-1.876 61.306-4.93 88.396-9.806 6.396-1.126 11.634-1.983 11.722-1.929.255.375-20.48 7.769-30.999 11.038-28.592 8.948-59.288 15.646-91.873 20.147-26.36 3.59-50.015 5.627-78.35 6.698-15.584.59-55.209.59-72.339-.053Z\"><\/path>\n                <path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M-3.066 295.067 32.06 304.1v9.033H-3.066v-18.066Z\"><\/path>\n            <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n\n    \n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>This article is <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencing-181553\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">republished<\/a> from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence. All photos provided by <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">The Conversation<\/a> from various sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do you follow influencers on social media? Do you always check their posts? Do you find you&#8217;re spending too much time or becoming obsessed with checking influencers&#8217; accounts? And when you can&#8217;t check in, do you feel disconnected or lost?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you answered <em>yes<\/em> to all of these questions, you may have whats known as <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107288\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cproblematic engagement\u201d with social media influencers<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But don&#8217;t blame yourself too much. You are among the many who have been <a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/crobox\/under-the-influence-the-power-of-social-media-influencers-5192571083c3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">swept away by dazzling social media influencing<\/a>. And this can be attributed to many features and tactics social media influencers employ that help keep them influential \u2014 like livestreams and polls on Instagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As experts in social media and user behaviour, we recently published a paper that looks at <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107288\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">followers&#8217; problematic engagement with influencers on social media<\/a>. Our paper is among the first to study which aspects of social media influencing may lead to followers&#8217; problematic engagement. It is important to examine this context considering the significant volume and revenues of social media influencing \u2014 it&#8217;s a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shopify.ca\/blog\/influencer-marketing-statistics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">US$13.8 billion industry<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-issue-of-problematic-engagement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The issue of problematic engagement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the age of social media, most people know of or follow some social media influencers. <a href=\"https:\/\/influencermarketinghub.com\/what-is-an-influencer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Social media influencers are<\/a> users who have a <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02650487.2017.1348035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">significant number of followers<\/a> with <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jretconser.2021.102585\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">established credibility<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you are a fashion fan or want information on health and fitness  \u2014 there&#8217;s an influencer to follow. And followers often gravitate towards them for their authenticity and content creation.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Inside the big business of being a social media influencer\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/5SOFSjlU0fM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>But less focus is put on the <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.05.007\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dark side of social media influencing<\/a>. Influencers are motivated and often incentivized (through product and brand endorsement) to increase their power on social media and many are becoming more proficient in attracting and engaging followers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Followers, on the other hand, can easily become <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mar.21244\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">attached and obsessed with influencers<\/a> and their engagement can often become excessive and unhealthy. Problematic engagement with social media influencers is common among followers, but not well known or understood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"our-research\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our research<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We recently examined the factors and mechanisms that lead to problematic engagement. We focused on three influencer characteristics (physical attractiveness, social attractiveness and self-presence) and two follower participation attributes (participation comprehensiveness and following length) to explore their effects on the development of problematic engagement through the formation of follower attachments. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.verywellmind.com\/what-is-attachment-theory-2795337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">on attachment theory<\/a>, we studied two types of attachments \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jretconser.2020.102371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">parasocial relationship<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2021.720880\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sense of belonging<\/a>, both of which are key in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jretconser.2020.102133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">social media influencing<\/a>. Parasocial relationship is followers&#8217; perception of their one-sided relationship with an influencer and sense of belonging refers to the feeling of being an integral member of the influencer&#8217;s community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We conducted an online survey of 500 Instagram users. The results showed that when followers develop attachments both to influencers (parasocial relationship) and their community (sense of belonging), this can lead to problematic engagement. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We found that influencers&#8217; social attractiveness has a stronger effect than other factors in building followers&#8217; attachments. Following more influencers could reduce the impact of attachment to the community (sense of belonging) when it comes to problematic engagement, but not the effect of attachment to the influencer (parasocial relationship).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"implications-for-influencers-and-followers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implications for influencers and followers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Our study warns of and explains problematic engagement to social media users. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We argue that social media users who are attracted to influencers can become easily attached and engage excessively. Users need to be aware of, watch out for and exert self-regulations to manage their interactions with influencers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, participation comprehensiveness \u2014 which refers to the reasons for following and extent of followers&#8217; participation (like watching, liking, commenting, sharing) \u2014 can lead to attachment development. This, however, can be consciously managed by followers themselves. One way of doing this is by making use of the phone&#8217;s functions and tools like setting daily time limits on Instagram or turning off notifications for the app.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Social media influencers should also be aware of followers&#8217; problematic engagement. Although it may be in contrast with their goal of increasing follower engagement, they can focus on creating a healthy relationship with their followers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For instance, influencers can openly talk about the issue of problematic engagement and show care for their followers&#8217; well-being. This will help with sustainability of the relationship because studies have shown that social media users with problematic behaviour are <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07421222.2020.1790193\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more likely to stop using platforms after a while<\/a>.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More research on the dark side of social media influencers is needed and we call for future research to focus on additional negative consequences such as followers&#8217; anxiety, depression and the impact of following influencers on followers&#8217; well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/newsroom.carleton.ca\">Carleton Newsroom<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/181553\/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons licence. All photos provided by The Conversation from various sources. Do you follow influencers on social media? Do you always check their posts? Do you find you&#8217;re spending too much time or becoming obsessed with checking influencers&#8217; accounts? And when you can&#8217;t check in, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":410,"featured_media":82240,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_story_type":[1623],"cu_story_tag":[],"class_list":["post-82237","cu_story","type-cu_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","cu_story_type-expert-perspectives"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":"blueprint"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/82237","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/cu_story"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/410"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/82237\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82243,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story\/82237\/revisions\/82243"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/82240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=82237"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_story_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_type?post=82237"},{"taxonomy":"cu_story_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_story_tag?post=82237"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}