{"id":6151,"date":"2022-11-26T13:59:18","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T18:59:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/?p=6151"},"modified":"2023-12-17T17:09:04","modified_gmt":"2023-12-17T22:09:04","slug":"philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/","title":{"rendered":"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-5963 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-300x300.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-400x400.jpeg 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-700x700.jpeg 700w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped.jpeg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/>By <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/editors\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Susan D. Phillips<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>A recent report, <a href=\"https:\/\/johnsoncenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Philanthropy-1992%E2%80%932022-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8220;Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?&#8221;<\/a>, looks at how things have changed in charitable giving and philanthropy in the US. Mega-donors have become much more mega for example. Diversity, inclusion, equity and justice became prominent concerns. Reinventing government made it an even larger source of nonprofit revenues. Measuring outcomes became the norm, and evaluation became a widespread practice of a new and more strategic philanthropy. More degrees and academic centers were created as the research field of philanthropy matured.<\/p>\n<p>The report, by Dr. Michael Moody (Frey Foundation Chair for Family Philanthropy at the <a href=\"https:\/\/johnsoncenter.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dorothy A. Johnson Center for Philanthropy<\/a>, at Grand Valley State University, Michigan), can serve as a great discussion piece for Canadian philanthropy.<\/p>\n<h2>But how closely does Canada really mirror the US?<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-6157 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"432\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 432px) 100vw, 432px\" \/>Because so much of the research about philanthropy is US based, we tend to assume that Canada follows similar patterns. But does it? In what ways is Canadian philanthropy and the charitable sector distinctive from the US (or Europe or elsewhere)? We don\u2019t know exactly, because we aren\u2019t conducting enough research to fully understand Canadian philanthropy and the challenges it faces, but based on the limited analysis available for Canada, there are some similar trends to those identified in the report \u2013 and some stark differences.<\/p>\n<h2>Some commonalities between Canadian and US philanthropy<\/h2>\n<p>Five similarities are apparent:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the number of charities has increased (by 151% in the US since 1995 and 25% in Canada since 2000);<\/li>\n<li>donor advised funds (DAFs) have grown dramatically;<\/li>\n<li>the percentage of giving to religion has dropped;<\/li>\n<li>the role of community foundations has shifted from being \u2018philanthropic banks\u2019 serving donors to being community leaders and voices, although many Canadian community foundations have long been community leaders, not just facilitators for donors; and<\/li>\n<li>while this seems less significant or less reported in Canada, the sector still struggles to address inclusion, equity and justice (with Moody noting there is some backlash to \u2018woke philanthropy\u2019 in the US).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>There are also at least four important differences between us<\/h2>\n<p>All four demonstrate the danger of using US data to guide our understanding of Canadian philanthropy.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>1. Individual giving trends differ in Canada and the US<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/johnsoncenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Philanthropy-1992%E2%80%932022-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-6163 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philanthropy-1992-2022-report-cover-300x389.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philanthropy-1992-2022-report-cover-300x389.png 300w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philanthropy-1992-2022-report-cover-400x519.png 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philanthropy-1992-2022-report-cover-768x996.png 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philanthropy-1992-2022-report-cover-700x908.png 700w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Philanthropy-1992-2022-report-cover.png 1112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/a>In the US, the mix of giving has shifted from individuals to foundations. Individuals are still the largest source of charitable giving, but their share of total giving has dropped to about two thirds. This relative decline is <strong>not<\/strong> due to less giving by individuals, as this has continued to grow. Rather, foundation giving has risen significantly, increasing its share of an expanded philanthropic pie (total giving increased almost four-fold in the past 30 years).<\/p>\n<p>In Canada, the role of foundations has also expanded, to approximately 11,000, an increase of 44%. Also, their assets increased by 33% from 2000 to 2021 (from $93 billion to $123 billion). In contrast to the US, individual giving has declined in Canada, and it was already behind the US. As a percentage of GDP, Canadians give less than half as much as Americans (<a href=\"https:\/\/rhf-frh.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/RHF_30years_Report_eng_FNL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">0.77%<\/a> compared to 2% of GDP).<\/p>\n<p>Also, whereas 25% of taxfilers in Canada claimed charitable donation credits in 2006, only 18.4% did so in 2020. As noted in the <a href=\"https:\/\/forcharities.canadahelps.org\/charity-blog-posts\/the-giving-report-2022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CanadaHelps 2022 Giving Report<\/a>, the decline in giving is across the board, except, surprisingly, for those earning less than $20,000 per year. The decrease in the amount donated is steepest among families with incomes of $150,000 or more. <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2021\/fundraising-opportunities-with-high-net-worth-canadians-their-trillions\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">High Net Worth households<\/a> (those with more than $1 million in wealth, excluding real estate and businesses) still account for a substantial amount of total donations, as they make relatively larger gifts, but this group isn\u2019t giving in accord with their capacity to do so.<\/p>\n<p>Why is Canada seemingly going in a different direction than the US in individual giving and what can we do about it?\u00a0 We don\u2019t know because we don\u2019t have the research capacity to fully analyze it.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. Canada has few mega donors or <\/strong><strong>flashy philanthropists getting media attention<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>While Canadians made multi-million-dollar gifts in recent years, primarily to health care, these tend to be smaller than in the US, and there isn\u2019t (perhaps thankfully) the domestic equivalent of a Jeff Bezos giving <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2022\/11\/14\/singer-dolly-parton-receives-100m-award-from-amazons-jeff-bezos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">$100 million to a country singer-songwriter<\/a> to support her charitable work. While we might forgo the flash, the seeming lack of interest by Canadian media in reporting on the generosity of home-grown donors and on philanthropy more generally contributes to its lack of visibility and understanding of its impact.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>3. Infrastructure and philanthropy-serving organizations have a greater presence in the US than in Canada<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The report notes that the US now has \u201cdozens and dozens of regional associations of grantmakers, national affinity groups, capacity building organizations, and other support organizations and membership associations \u2014 even associations of those associations.\u201d In Canada, national associations supporting philanthropy, notably <a href=\"https:\/\/pfc.ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PFC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/communityfoundations.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CFC<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cagp-acpdp.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CAGP<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/afpglobal.org\/afp-canada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AFP<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/environmentfunders.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Environmental Funders<\/a>, have strengthened over the past decade.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, infrastructure organizations serving charities and nonprofits have a much tougher time attracting sustainable funding and their weaker organizational strength hinders capacity building across the sector. If Canada\u2019s philanthropic and nonprofit sector is to have a more effective policy voice and create greater public awareness, it needs to grow its own infrastructure. (Ideas on how to do so and to create stronger cross-sector leadership are invited <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/stronger-policy-leadership-for-canadas-charitable-and-nonprofit-sector-advancing-conversations\/\">here, in a initiative<\/a> in Canada.)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>4. Research and education for the sector is vastly under-developed in Canada<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-6166 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Carleton-U-banner-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"230\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Carleton-U-banner-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Carleton-U-banner-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Carleton-U-banner-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Carleton-U-banner-700x394.jpg 700w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Carleton-U-banner.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\" \/>While the report laments that several of the early, large academic research centres have closed, there are still 274 universities with graduate degrees and 50 research centres in the philanthropy\/nonprofit field in the US, many of them funded by foundations or individual donors. Indeed, Moody has a named professorship in a named research centre on philanthropy. By contrast, there is only one graduate program in this field in Canada \u2013 the <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/mpnl\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Master of Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership (MPNL)<\/a>, at Carleton University \u2013 and there&#8217;s no significant philanthropic funding for a research centre or school of philanthropy that could help the sector to address the major changes that lie ahead and that could help to develop the skilled, diverse leadership that the sector needs.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThe practice of philanthropy will continue to throw out new twists and challenges for the study of philanthropy. We will continue to need well-trained and credentialed professionals to work in this ever-more-complicated field.\u201d &#8211;&#8220;Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?&#8221; by Dr. Michael Moody<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>A new vision<\/h2>\n<p>We need to better understand what is distinctive about Canada versus the US in trends in giving and in the sector, and to use this knowledge for a more impactful philanthropy and stronger charitable sector. This is behind Carleton University\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/program\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MPNL<\/a> vision for a major research and training hub, working in collaboration with and for the sector. We hope that audacious philanthropists who share this vision will join us in exploring the possibilities.<\/p>\n<p>Find out more with an email to <a href=\"mailto:susan.phillips@carleton.ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">me (susan.phillips@carleton.ca)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>Susan D. Phillips is Professor and Graduate Supervisor of the Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership program at Carleton University.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, &#8220;Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?&#8221;, looks at how things have changed in charitable giving and philanthropy in the US. Mega-donors have become much more mega for example. Diversity, inclusion, equity and justice became prominent concerns. Reinventing government made it an even larger source of nonprofit [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[549,167,2141,901],"tags":[1569,1710,2043,443,442,66,77,355,73,81,811,97,393,1827,602,184,950,1828,2045,577,570,408,56,2046,1671,52,98,985,90,426,1905,111,704,291,1945,1279,2044,76,96,813,424,71,82,425,812,124,74,75,84,72,246,423,251,182,427,434,185,229,326,578,371,83,475,814,616,444,171,245,78,79,1039,986],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US? | PANL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, &quot;Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?&quot;, looks at how things have changed in charitable giving\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US? | PANL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, &quot;Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?&quot;, looks at how things have changed in charitable giving\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PANL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-11-26T18:59:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-12-17T22:09:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-300x300.jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ALEXGILLIS\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ALEXGILLIS\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/\",\"name\":\"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US? | PANL\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-26T18:59:18+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-12-17T22:09:04+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#\/schema\/person\/cffb40f64dee54a3a4f28e7d5780693a\"},\"description\":\"By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, \\\"Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?\\\", looks at how things have changed in charitable giving\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"For homepage\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/category\/for-homepage\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/\",\"name\":\"PANL\",\"description\":\"Carleton University\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#\/schema\/person\/cffb40f64dee54a3a4f28e7d5780693a\",\"name\":\"ALEXGILLIS\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/11a338778a3a0fe61ebf7ccdb0e7b8b5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/11a338778a3a0fe61ebf7ccdb0e7b8b5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"ALEXGILLIS\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US? | PANL","description":"By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, \"Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?\", looks at how things have changed in charitable giving","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US? | PANL","og_description":"By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, \"Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?\", looks at how things have changed in charitable giving","og_url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/","og_site_name":"PANL","article_published_time":"2022-11-26T18:59:18+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-12-17T22:09:04+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Susan-PhillipsCloseup200_800x800_acf_cropped-300x300.jpeg"}],"author":"ALEXGILLIS","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"ALEXGILLIS","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/","url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/","name":"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US? | PANL","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-11-26T18:59:18+00:00","dateModified":"2023-12-17T22:09:04+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#\/schema\/person\/cffb40f64dee54a3a4f28e7d5780693a"},"description":"By Susan D. Phillips. A recent report, \"Philanthropy 1992\u20132022: What difference can 30 years make?\", looks at how things have changed in charitable giving","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"For homepage","item":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/category\/for-homepage\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Philanthropy Trends: Is Canadian Philanthropy Distinct from That in the US?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#website","url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/","name":"PANL","description":"Carleton University","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#\/schema\/person\/cffb40f64dee54a3a4f28e7d5780693a","name":"ALEXGILLIS","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/11a338778a3a0fe61ebf7ccdb0e7b8b5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/11a338778a3a0fe61ebf7ccdb0e7b8b5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"ALEXGILLIS"}}]}},"acf":{"thumbnail_type":"custom","thumb_list":"blueprint","add_banner":"yes","custom_thumbnail":{"id":6157,"alt":"","title":"Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","width":400,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped-300x225.jpg","thumbnail-width":300,"thumbnail-height":225,"medium":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","medium-width":400,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","medium_large-width":400,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","large-width":400,"large-height":300,"gallery-thumb":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped-300x230.jpg","gallery-thumb-width":300,"gallery-thumb-height":230,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","1536x1536-width":400,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","2048x2048-width":400,"2048x2048-height":300,"wide-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","wide-image-width":400,"wide-image-height":300,"square-small":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped-150x150.jpg","square-small-width":150,"square-small-height":150,"people-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped-300x300.jpg","people-thumbs-width":300,"people-thumbs-height":300,"card-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","card-thumbs-width":400,"card-thumbs-height":300,"video-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","video-thumbs-width":400,"video-thumbs-height":300,"text-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","text-image-width":400,"text-image-height":300,"rotator-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600_400x300_acf_cropped.jpg","rotator-image-width":400,"rotator-image-height":300},"original_image":{"id":6156,"alt":"","title":"Photo is courtesy of Chris Robert,1600","caption":"","description":"","mime_type":"image\/jpeg","url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600.jpg","width":1600,"height":791,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-300x148.jpg","thumbnail-width":300,"thumbnail-height":148,"medium":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-400x198.jpg","medium-width":400,"medium-height":198,"medium_large":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-768x380.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":380,"large":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-1400x692.jpg","large-width":1400,"large-height":692,"gallery-thumb":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-300x230.jpg","gallery-thumb-width":300,"gallery-thumb-height":230,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-1536x759.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":759,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600.jpg","2048x2048-width":1600,"2048x2048-height":791,"wide-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-1600x700.jpg","wide-image-width":1600,"wide-image-height":700,"square-small":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-150x150.jpg","square-small-width":150,"square-small-height":150,"people-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-300x300.jpg","people-thumbs-width":300,"people-thumbs-height":300,"card-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-400x300.jpg","card-thumbs-width":400,"card-thumbs-height":300,"video-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-400x198.jpg","video-thumbs-width":400,"video-thumbs-height":198,"text-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-700x346.jpg","text-image-width":700,"text-image-height":346,"rotator-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-800x600.jpg","rotator-image-width":800,"rotator-image-height":600}}},"banner_image":{"ID":6156,"id":6156,"title":"Photo is courtesy of Chris Robert,1600","filename":"Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600.jpg","filesize":233917,"url":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600.jpg","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/2022\/philanthropy-trends-is-canadian-philanthropy-distinct-from-that-in-the-us\/photo-is-courtesy-of-chris-robert1600\/","alt":"","author":"5","description":"","caption":"","name":"photo-is-courtesy-of-chris-robert1600","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":6151,"date":"2022-11-25 03:22:13","modified":"2022-11-25 03:22:13","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image\/jpeg","type":"image","subtype":"jpeg","icon":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp\/wp-includes\/images\/media\/default.png","width":1600,"height":791,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-300x148.jpg","thumbnail-width":300,"thumbnail-height":148,"medium":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-400x198.jpg","medium-width":400,"medium-height":198,"medium_large":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-768x380.jpg","medium_large-width":768,"medium_large-height":380,"large":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-1400x692.jpg","large-width":1400,"large-height":692,"gallery-thumb":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-300x230.jpg","gallery-thumb-width":300,"gallery-thumb-height":230,"1536x1536":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-1536x759.jpg","1536x1536-width":1536,"1536x1536-height":759,"2048x2048":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600.jpg","2048x2048-width":1600,"2048x2048-height":791,"wide-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-1600x700.jpg","wide-image-width":1600,"wide-image-height":700,"square-small":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-150x150.jpg","square-small-width":150,"square-small-height":150,"people-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-300x300.jpg","people-thumbs-width":300,"people-thumbs-height":300,"card-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-400x300.jpg","card-thumbs-width":400,"card-thumbs-height":300,"video-thumbs":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-400x198.jpg","video-thumbs-width":400,"video-thumbs-height":198,"text-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-700x346.jpg","text-image-width":700,"text-image-height":346,"rotator-image":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-content\/uploads\/Photo-is-courtesy-of-Chris-Robert1600-800x600.jpg","rotator-image-width":800,"rotator-image-height":600}},"banner_opacity":"lighter"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6151"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6151"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6151\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7778,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6151\/revisions\/7778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6151"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6151"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/panl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6151"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}