{"id":12987,"date":"2021-11-30T19:57:55","date_gmt":"2021-12-01T00:57:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/?page_id=12987"},"modified":"2026-06-02T14:59:25","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T18:59:25","slug":"tr-99-01-rectangular-attribute-cardinality-map-a-new-histogram-like-technique-for-query-optimization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/research\/scs-technical-reports\/technical-reports-1999\/tr-99-01-rectangular-attribute-cardinality-map-a-new-histogram-like-technique-for-query-optimization\/","title":{"rendered":"TR-99-01: Rectangular Attribute Cardinality Map: A New Histogram-like Technique for Query Optimization"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-5xl  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n            <div class=\"cu-textmedia flex flex-col lg:flex-row mx-auto gap-6 md:gap-10 my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 max-w-5xl\">\n        <div class=\"justify-start cu-textmedia-content cu-prose-first-last\" style=\"flex: 0 0 100%;\">\n            <header class=\"font-light prose-xl cu-pageheader md:prose-2xl cu-component-updated cu-prose-first-last\">\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold !mt-2 mb-4 md:mb-6 relative after:absolute after:h-px after:bottom-0 after:bg-cu-red after:left-px text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] pb-5 after:w-10 text-cu-black-700 not-prose\">\n                        TR-99-01: Rectangular Attribute Cardinality Map: A New Histogram-like Technique for Query Optimization\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                                \n                            <\/header>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<p>Carleton University<br>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/research\/scs-technical-reports\/technical-reports-1999\/\">Technical Report<\/a> TR-99-01<br>\nJanuary 1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"tr-99-01-rectangular-attribute-cardinality-map-a-new-histogram-like-technique-for-query-optimization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">TR-99-01: Rectangular Attribute Cardinality Map: A New Histogram-like Technique for Query Optimization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">\n<div class=\"tr_t3\">B. John Oommen &amp; Murali Thiyagarajah<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h3>Abstract<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Current database systems utilize histograms to approximate frequency distributions of attribute values of relations. These are used to efficiently estimate query result sizes and access plan costs. Even though they have been is use for nearly two decades, there has been no significant mathematical techniques (othert than those used in statistics for traditional histogram approximations) to study them. In this paper, we introduce a new histogram-like approximation strategy, called the Rectangular Attribute Cardinality Map (R-ACM), that aims to approximate the density of the underlying attribute values using the philosophies of numerical integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/TR-99-01.pdf\">TR-99-01.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carleton University Technical Report TR-99-01 January 1999 TR-99-01: Rectangular Attribute Cardinality Map: A New Histogram-like Technique for Query Optimization B. John Oommen &amp; Murali Thiyagarajah Abstract Current database systems utilize histograms to approximate frequency distributions of attribute values of relations. These are used to efficiently estimate query result sizes and access plan costs. Even though [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":12244,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cu_dining_location_slug":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_page_type":[],"class_list":["post-12987","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":false},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12987"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12988,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12987\/revisions\/12988"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12244"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_page_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_page_type?post=12987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}