{"id":26333,"date":"2026-10-04T20:26:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-05T00:26:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/?page_id=26333"},"modified":"2026-10-04T22:07:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T02:07:07","slug":"vin216","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/vintage-computing\/item\/vin216\/","title":{"rendered":"Tandy TRS-80 Model I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-5xl  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n            <div class=\"cu-textmedia flex flex-col lg:flex-row mx-auto gap-6 md:gap-10 my-6 md:my-12 first:mt-0 max-w-5xl\">\n        <div class=\"justify-start cu-textmedia-content cu-prose-first-last\" style=\"flex: 0 0 100%;\">\n            <header class=\"font-light prose-xl cu-pageheader md:prose-2xl cu-component-updated cu-prose-first-last\">\n                                    <h1 class=\"cu-prose-first-last font-semibold !mt-2 mb-4 md:mb-6 relative after:absolute after:h-px after:bottom-0 after:bg-cu-red after:left-px text-3xl md:text-4xl lg:text-5xl lg:leading-[3.5rem] pb-5 after:w-10 text-cu-black-700 not-prose\">\n                        Tandy TRS-80 Model I\n                    <\/h1>\n                \n                                \n                                    \n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Tandy\/Radio Shack TRS-80 Model I, introduced in 1977 by Don French and engineer Steve Leininger, was one of the first personal computers sold as a complete, ready-to-use consumer product rather than a hobbyist kit.<\/p>\n\n\n                            <\/header>\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n            <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/vintage-computing\/item\">Vintage Computing Collection<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-1024x769.jpg\" alt=\"Tandy TRS-80 Model 1\" class=\"wp-image-26337\" style=\"width:352px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-1024x769.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-512x384.jpg 512w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-320x240.jpg 320w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-768x577.jpg 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-1536x1153.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/PXL_20261004_214514612-2048x1538.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Vin216]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1977 Tandy\/Radio Shack TRS-80 Model I became famous as one of the \u201c1977 Trinity\u201d of ready-built personal computers, alongside the Apple II and Commodore PET: its 1.77 MHz Zilog Z80, built-in ROM BASIC, keyboard and monitor package, cassette storage, and later floppy-disk expansion made programming and practical home or small-business computing accessible without building a kit. It was extraordinarily popular for the era and the initial production sold out within a month, Radio Shack sold about 100,000 units in 1978, and its nationwide retail network helped make the TRS-80 the best-selling U.S. microcomputer through its production run proving that a mass market existed for personal computers and helping launch the home computing boom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Manufacturer<\/strong>: Tandy Corporation\u2019s Radio Shack division<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Model<\/strong>: Model 1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Released<\/strong>: 1977<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Type<\/strong>: Personal Computer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cost at release<\/strong>: CAD ~$3,000 adjusted for inflation ($599 USD in 1977)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cost with peripherals<\/strong>: ~$10,000 adjusted for inflation ($1,995 USD in 1977)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MIPS<\/strong>: 0.3-0.5 (300-500 KIPS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"w-screen px-6 cu-section cu-section--white ml-offset-center md:px-8 lg:px-14\">\n    <div class=\"space-y-6 cu-max-w-child-5xl  md:space-y-10 cu-prose-first-last\">\n\n        \n    \n    <dl class=\"cu-description cu-component-updated\">\n        \n    <div class=\"grid pt-4 pb-3 border-b accordion border-cu-black-100 md:pt-6 md:pb-5 first:border-t\">\n        <dt class=\"font-semibold not-prose\">\n            <button class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full text-left accordion__button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-hardware-specifications\">\n                <span class=\"flex-1 ml-auto text-left break-words whitespace-normal cu-icon\">\n                    Hardware Specifications\n                <\/span>\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\" class=\"w-5 h-5 ml-auto transition-transform rotate-0 accordion__icon text-cu-black-500\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M8.25 4.5l7.5 7.5-7.5 7.5\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/dt>\n        <dd class=\"p-0 mt-0 cu-prose cu-prose-first-last accordion__content md:p-0 md:mt-0\" hidden=\"\" id=\"accordion-hardware-specifications\">\n            \n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CPU<\/strong>: Zilog Z80, 8-bit CPU, 1.77 MHz<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RAM<\/strong>: 4 KB RAM. Supported: 4 KB, 16 KB, or 48 KB total; the optional Expansion Interface could accommodate an additional 32 KB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ROM<\/strong>: 4 KB Level I BASIC ROM originally; Level II systems used a larger BASIC ROM, commonly described as 12 KB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Display:<\/strong> Separate 12-inch monochrome CRT monitor, normally displaying black characters on a light screen\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Text: 40 and 80 columns, 24 lines, white-on-black<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Graphics: Low-Resolution 40&#215;48 (16 colors), High-Resolution 280&#215;192 (6 colors), Double-Low-Resolution 80&#215;48 (16 colors), Double-High-Resolution 560&#215;192 (16 colors)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Text display:<\/strong> 64 columns \u00d7 16 lines<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Character set:<\/strong> 64-character alphanumeric and symbol set, with block-style semigraphics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Graphics:<\/strong> No true bitmap graphics mode; programmable character\/semigraphics display gave an effective 128 \u00d7 48 block resolution<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Video RAM:<\/strong> 1 KB, memory-mapped at hexadecimal addresses 3C00\u20133FFF<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keyboard:<\/strong> Full-travel, 53-key keyboard built into the computer chassis; keyboard matrix was memory-mapped<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sound:<\/strong> No built-in sound generator or speaker in the base Model I<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong class=\"myprefix-text-bold\">Storage<\/strong>: Cassette capable and floppy-drive option<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n        <\/dd>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"grid pt-4 pb-3 border-b accordion border-cu-black-100 md:pt-6 md:pb-5 first:border-t\">\n        <dt class=\"font-semibold not-prose\">\n            <button class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full text-left accordion__button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-operating-systems-programming-languages\">\n                <span class=\"flex-1 ml-auto text-left break-words whitespace-normal cu-icon\">\n                    Operating Systems &amp; Programming Languages\n                <\/span>\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\" class=\"w-5 h-5 ml-auto transition-transform rotate-0 accordion__icon text-cu-black-500\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M8.25 4.5l7.5 7.5-7.5 7.5\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/dt>\n        <dd class=\"p-0 mt-0 cu-prose cu-prose-first-last accordion__content md:p-0 md:mt-0\" hidden=\"\" id=\"accordion-operating-systems-programming-languages\">\n            \n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong class=\"myprefix-text-bold\">Operating Systems<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Level I BASIC:<\/strong> The operating environment in the first 1977, cassette-based systems. It was a compact 4 KB BASIC interpreter in ROM, written by Model I designer Steve Leininger and derived from Li-Chen Wang\u2019s public-domain Tiny BASIC. In practical terms, BASIC was both the user interface and programming language: turn it on and it presented a <code>READY<\/code> prompt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Level II BASIC:<\/strong> A more capable ROM BASIC, developed by Microsoft and supplied on later Model I systems. Its 12 KB ROM added stronger string handling, error reporting, and mathematical functions, making it the standard environment most collectors associate with the Model I.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TRSDOS:<\/strong> Radio Shack\/Tandy\u2019s floppy-disk operating system for a Model I equipped with the Expansion Interface and disk drives. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CP\/M:<\/strong> An optional, third-party\/disk-based operating system for sufficiently expanded Model I systems. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong class=\"myprefix-text-bold\">Programming Languages<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>BASIC: The central language of the Model I: Level I BASIC on earliest systems; Microsoft Level II BASIC on later or upgraded machines. It was used for learning, games, utilities, hardware control, and small-business programs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Z80 Assembly, machine code, Fortran-80, Pascal 80, and other CP\/M languages.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n        <\/dd>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"grid pt-4 pb-3 border-b accordion border-cu-black-100 md:pt-6 md:pb-5 first:border-t\">\n        <dt class=\"font-semibold not-prose\">\n            <button class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full text-left accordion__button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-notables\">\n                <span class=\"flex-1 ml-auto text-left break-words whitespace-normal cu-icon\">\n                    Notables\n                <\/span>\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\" class=\"w-5 h-5 ml-auto transition-transform rotate-0 accordion__icon text-cu-black-500\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M8.25 4.5l7.5 7.5-7.5 7.5\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/dt>\n        <dd class=\"p-0 mt-0 cu-prose cu-prose-first-last accordion__content md:p-0 md:mt-0\" hidden=\"\" id=\"accordion-notables\">\n            \n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Introduced on <strong>3 August 3,  1977<\/strong>, the original TRS-80 (only later called the <strong>Model I<\/strong> after the Model II arrived) was Tandy\/Radio Shack\u2019s first personal computer and a member of the influential \u201c<strong class=\"myprefix-text-bold\">1977 Trinity<\/strong>\u201d with the Apple II and Commodore PET.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It helped normalize buying a computer from a retail shop rather than building a kit: Radio Shack\u2019s roughly 3,500-store network made it one of the first genuinely mass-market home computers. Early internal forecasts of only 3,000\u20135,000 annual sales were overwhelmed; more than 10,000 reportedly sold within its first six weeks, and lifetime sales reached about 200,000.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The name <strong>TRS-80<\/strong> means <strong>Tandy\/Radio Shack<\/strong>, with \u201c80\u201d referring to the Zilog Z80 processor. Its keyboard-integrated case, 12-inch monitor, cassette storage, and ROM BASIC made it unusually approachable in 1977.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was famously and affectionately nicknamed the <strong>\u201cTrash-80.\u201d<\/strong> The nickname reflected its low-cost, sometimes temperamental reputation, particularly connector and expansion reliability issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A key historical quirk: the optional 1978 <strong>Expansion Interface<\/strong> added floppy-disk control, more memory, and other connectivity, but linked to the computer through a short, unshielded cable carrying critical processor signals. Electrical noise or a poor connection could crash the system an iconic restoration and reliability issue for modern collectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its 64 \u00d7 16 character display and block \u201csemigraphics\u201d were limiting by later standards, yet they supported a prolific ecosystem of BASIC programs, text adventures, business software, and games.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n        <\/dd>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <div class=\"grid pt-4 pb-3 border-b accordion border-cu-black-100 md:pt-6 md:pb-5 first:border-t\">\n        <dt class=\"font-semibold not-prose\">\n            <button class=\"flex items-center justify-between w-full text-left accordion__button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-donated-by\">\n                <span class=\"flex-1 ml-auto text-left break-words whitespace-normal cu-icon\">\n                    Donated by\n                <\/span>\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" fill=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-slot=\"icon\" class=\"w-5 h-5 ml-auto transition-transform rotate-0 accordion__icon text-cu-black-500\">\n                    <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" d=\"M8.25 4.5l7.5 7.5-7.5 7.5\"><\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/button>\n        <\/dt>\n        <dd class=\"p-0 mt-0 cu-prose cu-prose-first-last accordion__content md:p-0 md:mt-0\" hidden=\"\" id=\"accordion-donated-by\">\n            \n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Acquired via TRADE: Apple ][ GS for Tandy TRS-80 Model 1<\/p>\n\n\n        <\/dd>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n    <\/dl>\n\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/vintage-computing\/item\">Vintage Computing Collection<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1510\" src=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-1024x1510.jpg\" alt=\"TRS-80 Model 1 Advertisement\" class=\"wp-image-26342\" srcset=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-1024x1510.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-512x755.jpg 512w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-320x472.jpg 320w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-768x1133.jpg 768w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-1041x1536.jpg 1041w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m-1388x2048.jpg 1388w, https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/260\/2026\/10\/trs80-m.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[Vin216] The 1977 Tandy\/Radio Shack TRS-80 Model I became famous as one of the \u201c1977 Trinity\u201d of ready-built personal computers, alongside the Apple II and Commodore PET: its 1.77 MHz Zilog Z80, built-in ROM BASIC, keyboard and monitor package, cassette storage, and later floppy-disk expansion made programming and practical home or small-business computing accessible without [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":591,"featured_media":0,"parent":19704,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cu_dining_location_slug":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"cu_page_type":[127,123],"class_list":["post-26333","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","cu_page_type-pc","cu_page_type-vintage-inventory"],"acf":{"cu_post_thumbnail":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26333","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/591"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26333"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26333\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26373,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26333\/revisions\/26373"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26333"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"cu_page_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/scs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/cu_page_type?post=26333"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}