{"id":208,"date":"2017-06-26T09:15:34","date_gmt":"2017-06-26T13:15:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/toivonen\/?page_id=208"},"modified":"2026-01-19T20:03:14","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T01:03:14","slug":"evidentiality","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/toivonen\/evidentiality\/","title":{"rendered":"Evidentiality"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Evidentiality<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>When a speaker communicates a message, they sometimes also indicate the source of information for the message. Did they see it, guess it, or hear it from someone else? Many languages have grammaticalized morphological means to indicate information source. The marking of information source is referred to as <i>evidentiality marking<\/i>. I am interested in how languages that lack grammaticalized evidential morphology mark information sources. I have specifically explored how English and Swedish use copy raising and verbs like <i> seems like <\/i> and <i> looks like <\/i> to express information source. I am also interested in how linguistic evidentiality relates to epistemology the way philosophers understand it.<\/p>\n<p>This work is highly collaborative. My collaborators include Ash Asudeh, Lisa Sullivan, Chris Wildman, Nalini Ramlakhan and Claire Lesage.<\/p>\n<p>2021. <a href=\"http:\/\/carleton.ca\/toivonen\/wp-content\/uploads\/ToivonenPerception2021.pdf\"> Perception verbs, copy raising and evidentiality in Swedish and English.<\/a> In: I Wayan Arka, Ash Asudeh and Tracy Holloway King (eds.). <em> Modular Design of Grammar.<\/em> Oxford university Press.<\/p>\n<p>2017. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/group\/cslipublications\/cslipublications\/LFG\/LFG-2017\/lfg2017-asudeh-toivonen.pdf\">A modular approach to evidentiality.<\/a> With Ash Asudeh. <em> Proceedings of the LFG17 Conference.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2017. Evidentiality and reliability in English copy raising. With Ash Asudeh and Lisa Sullivan. <em> Linguistic Society of America Annual Meeting<\/em><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/toivonen\/wp-content\/uploads\/lsa2017.pdf\">pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2015. <a href=\"https:\/\/escholarship.org\/uc\/item\/59w6z399\">  The reliability of testimony and perception: connecting epistemology and linguistic evidentiality.<\/a> With Claire Lesage, Nalini Ramlakhan, and Chris Wildman. <em>Proceedings of CogSci 2015<\/em><\/p>\n<p>2012. Copy raising and perception. With Ash Asudeh.<br \/>\n<em>Natural Language and Linguistic Theory<\/em> 30(2): 321&#8211;380.<br \/>\npre-published version: <a href=\"\/toivonen\/wp-content\/uploads\/asudeh-toivonen09-cr.pdf\">pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2007. Copy raising and its consequences for perceptual reports. In Annie Zaenen, Jane Simpson, Tracy Holloway King, Jane Grimshaw, Joan Maling and Chris Manning, eds., <em>Architectures, Rules, and Preferences: Variations on Themes by Joan W. Bresnan<\/em>. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 49\u201367. With Ash Asudeh.<br \/>\n[Prepublication draft] <a href=\"\/toivonen\/wp-content\/uploads\/asudeh-toivonen05-JBfest.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>2006. Expletives and the syntax and semantics of copy raising. In Miriam Butt and Tracy Holloway King, eds., <i> Proceedings of the LFG06 Conference<\/i>. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 13-29. With Ash Asudeh.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/web.stanford.edu\/group\/cslipublications\/cslipublications\/LFG\/11\/pdfs\/lfg06asudehtoivonen.pdf\">link<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"\/toivonen\/wp-content\/uploads\/lfg06asudehtoivonen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pdf<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evidentiality When a speaker communicates a message, they sometimes also indicate the source of information for the message. Did they see it, guess it, or hear it from someone else? Many languages have grammaticalized morphological means to indicate information source. The marking of information source is referred to as evidentiality marking. I am interested in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Evidentiality - Ida Toivonen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"evidentiality, epistemology, copy raising, syntax, semantics\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/toivonen\/evidentiality\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/toivonen\/evidentiality\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/carleton.ca\/toivonen\/evidentiality\/\",\"name\":\"Evidentiality - 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