Role of Western Europe

EU/Western-Europe

Academic resources

Germany

Chivvis, C. S., & Rid, T. (2009). The Roots of Germany’s Russia Policy. Survival (London), 51(2), 105–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396330902860850

Forsberg, T. (2016). From Ostpolitik to ‘frostpolitik’? Merkel, Putin and German foreign policy towards Russia. International Affairs, 92(1), 21–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12505

Gens, B. (2019). Germany’s Russia policy and geo-economics: Nord Stream 2, sanctions and the question of EU leadership towards Russia. Global Affairs, 5(4–5), 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2019.1681013

Szabo, S. F. (2015). Germany, Russia and the Rise of Geo-Economics. Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472596352

Umland, A. (2022). Germany’s Russia Policy in Light of the Ukraine Conflict: Interdependence Theory and Ostpolitik. Orbis (Philadelphia), 66(1), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2021.11.007

France

Cadier, D. (2018). Continuity and change in France’s policies towards Russia: A milieu goals explanation. International Affairs, 94(6), 1349–1369. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiy186

Gliniasty, J. de. (2019). Culture: The greatest strength of French-Russian relations? Revue internationale et strategique, 115(3), 18-26.

Gomart, T. (2007). France’s Russia Policy: Balancing Interests and Values. The Washington Quarterly, 30(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1162/wash.2007.30.2.147

Italy

Prontera, A. (2021). Italy, Russia and the Great Reconfiguration in East–West Energy Relations. Europe-Asia Studies, 73(4), 647–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/09668136.2020.1767759

Siddi, M. (2019). Italy’s ‘Middle Power’ Approach to Russia. The International Spectator, 54(2), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/03932729.2018.1519765

Britain

Magill, P., & Rees, W. (2022). UK Defence Policy After Ukraine: Revisiting the Integrated Review. Survival, 64(3), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2022.2078048

News resources

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61118706

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63709352

https://theconversation.com/ukraine-war-nato-and-the-eu-can-turn-kosovo-border-crisis-into-an-opportunity-to-put-more-pressure-on-russia-188078

https://www.dw.com/en/ukraine-russia-war-triggers-major-german-policy-changes/a-60950946

https://www.deutschland.de/en/Putin-russia-attack-on-ukraine

https://www.politico.eu/article/france-emmanuel-macron-announces-new-delivery-of-air-defense-systems-to-ukraine/

https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/12/14/war-in-ukraine-in-romania-france-deploys-high-intensity-leclerc-tanks_6007710_4.html

https://www.politico.eu/article/emmanuel-macron-france-tanks-ukraine-war-volodymyr-zelenskyy-europe/

https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60159622

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