In the recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in the feminization of migration from the MENA region. The drivers are diverse, ranging from economic prospects, to education, entrepreneurship, and family reunification. This shift has brought to the forefront a complex intersection of aspects related to labor, gender, and migration. By the present paper we suggest a comparative study covering two distinct settings – internal migrants in the agricultural sector of Souss Massa, and Moroccan migrant women working in Spain. The aim is to unveil the challenges faced by women in both domestic and international labor markets. Through the combination of complementary theoretical frameworks: The Social Role Theory and Intersectionality Theory, the study delves into the influence of societal norms and gender expectations on women experiences in the contexts of labor mobility. Additionally, the article seeks to explore the potential avenues for action to limit the instances of abuse that is faced by these women and empower them upon their return home.
Written by Amal El Ouassif, Senior International Relations Specialist, working at the Policy Center for the New South and member of the IDRC Chair on Forced Displacement.