Social dynamics can occur at all scales. The Emergent Behaviours in Biofilms (EBB) research program seeks to understand how individual bacteria and other biofilm components interact to generate emergent properties and behaviours at the biofilm level. This question has important implications both in terms of how to manage biofilms in human environments when their presence causes challenges for humans, but also with respect to situations where biofilms may be beneficial (e.g. breaking down plastic waste into bio-degradable subcomponents).