Patterson Lab Publications 1985 – 1992

Jonasson, K., and Patterson, R.T., 1992. Preservation potential of marsh benthic foraminifera from the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia. Micropaleontology, 38: 289-301. DOI:10.2307/1485793

Three biofacies were recognized in samples collected of 10cm along three transects from the marshes of the Fraser River delta, British Columbia. These biofacies, defined by comparison with those previously identified from surface marsh samples, correspond to three elevational zones: the High Marsh Zone, characterized by the Jadammina macrescens biofacies; the Lower High Marsh Zone, characterized by the Ammonia beccarii biofacies; and the Low Marsh Zone, characterized by the Miliammina fusca biofacies. A dramatic decrease in the abundance of Ammonia beccarii at 10cm depth suggests that the calcareous tests of this species are poorly preserved in the low pH subsurface sediments. As a result, the Ammonia beccarii biofacies will no longer be recognizable after extended burial. Although fewer biofacies can be resolved from paleomarshes of the Fraser delta than at the surface, it is still possible to differentiate between a High Marsh fauna (>+0.94m above mean sea level) and a Low Marsh fauna (<+0.94m above mean sea level).

Patterson, R.T., 1991. Summary of the results of a reconnaissance study of late Quaternary benthic foraminifera from the central continental shelf of western Canada. Current Research, Part E; Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 91-1E, p. 135-140. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4095/132637

Seven foraminiferal biofacies were identified in samples from five Quaternary cores collected from the Queen Charlotte Sound-Hecate Strait area of western Canada. These biofacies include: two relict lower to middle bathyal biofacies introduced to shallow depths during a colder interval; four biofacies representative of various neritic depth environments; and a biofacies characteristic of shallow banks. Species such as Buliminella elegantissima have proven useful in tracking the migration of the Fraser Glaciation forebulge across the region, while high concentrations of Cassidulina reniforme at certain core intervals, indicative of glacial or near glacial conditions, signals a return to cooler conditions between about 10 000 and 12 000 year B.P. This cool interval approximately corresponds to the Younger Dryas event of Europe and eastern North America.

Patterson, R.T., 1991. Three new species of foraminifera from the west coast of Canada, Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 110: 354-360. DOI:10.2307/3226772.

Three new species of benthic foraminifera are described from Holocene cores in the Queen Charlotte-Hecate Strait region of coastal British Columbia. Lagena fidicularia n. sp. is characterized by deep longitudinal costae on the test body becoming spirally arranged on the neck; Procerolagena simulampulla n. sp. is distinguished by 10 longitudinal costae and a phialine lip, and Pleurostomella delicatula n. sp. has a distinct arcuate, narrow test and elongate chambers.

Patterson, R.T., and McKillop, W.B. 1991, Distribution and possible paleoecological significnace of Annectina viriosa, a new species of agglutinated foraminifera from non-marine salt ponds in Manitoba: Journal of Paleontology, 65: 33-37. DOI: 10.2307/3226772

Annectina viriosa, a new species of Ammodiscidae (Foraminiferida), is described from Recent brackish ponds on a salt flat adjacent to Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba. Colonization of the ponds was probably by avian transport. The distinct morphotype is either the result of an allopatric speciation event within the last 5,000 years or it is a previously undescribed species of shallowwater Annectina from nearby Hudson Bay. It is also possible that recovered specimens are previously unrecognized ecophenotypic variants of some known species produced by unknown hostile environmental factors within the pond ecosystem. The latter hypothesis is difficult to test without extensive biological culturing. The large number of phenotypically stable specimens living in these ponds warrants recognition of these populations as a distinct taxon.

Patterson, R.T. and Cameron, B.E., 1991. Paleoenvironmental Significance of the Foraminiferal Biofacies Succession in the Late Quaternary Sediments of the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 21: 228-243. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.21.3.228

Three foraminiferal biofacies indicating distinct depositional environments were identified in cores FD87A1 and FD88A1 from the Fraser River delta. The Cassidulina- Islandiella biofacies, in the basal portion of Core FD87A1 (347.5-367 m), was probably deposited in about 100-200 m of normal-salinity, cold water during the penultimate glaciation (Late Wisconsinan or older). The Cribroelphidium bartletti biofacies, identified in Core FD87A1 (197-256 m), may have been deposited in water depths of less than 150 m during the Everson Interstade. The Cribroelphidium excavarum biofacies, found in both Core FD87A1 (64-182.7 m) and Core FD88A1 (76.2-122.3 m) is associated with ancestral Strait of Georgia Holocene prodelta and delta slope sediments that accumulated in water depths of less than 200 m. The high frequency of Cribroefphidium excavatum in these sediments indicates depressed salinities during deposition (6 and 12 ka). Similar conditions are found today in the Strait of Georgia where the salinity range is 27-31‰.

Patterson, R.T., 1990. A progress report on late Quaternary benthic foraminifera from the central continental shelf of western Canada, Part F, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 90-1F, p. 83 to 86. https://doi.org/10.4095/131425

This ongoing study contributes to deciphering the paleogeography of the western shelf of Canada and the understanding of the potential hazards to offshore hydrocarbon exploration, Preliminary qualitative analysis of 39 samples extracted from 4 piston cones and 1 vibro-core has yielded a fauna of 95 species of benthic foraminifera. One of these species, Nanosylvanella palmulina Patterson, is new and not referable to any previously described genus.

Patterson, R.T., Scott, D.B. and McKillop, W.B., 1990, Recent Marsh-Type Agglutinated Foraminifera From Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba. Proceedings of the third International Advanced Course on Paleoecology, Biostratigraphy, Paleoceanography, and Taxonomy of Agglutinated Foraminifera: NATO Advanced Study Institutes Programme, Tübingen, West Germany, 17-28 September, 1989, 765-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3350-0_27

Four foraminiferal species and nine species of arcellaceans (thecamoebians) are documented from fresh and salt-water marshes, salt flats, and salt springs in the vicinity of Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba. As this region was never in contact with the ocean, the close similarity of the foraminiferal fauna to marsh assemblages inhabiting coastal James and Hudson Bays suggests colonization via avian transport. The replacement of a Cribroelphidium gunteridominated fauna in the area by a Jadammina macrescens dominated fauna during the last 5000 years may have been the result of climatic deterioration and/ or a change in the migratory pattern of birds. Large numbers of Glomospira sp., found at only a single locality, are not readily referable to any known species. These specimens are either ecophenotypic variants of a coastal Glomospira species or they may represent a new species.

Patterson, R.T., Brunner, C.A., Capo, R. and Dahl, J., 1990, A paleoenvironmental study of Pleistocene Foraminifera of the Santa Barbara Formation, at Santa Barbara, California: Journal of Paleontology, 64: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042190

An interval of the Early to Middle Pleistocene history of the California Borderland was assessed using multivariate analysis of foraminifera from the Santa Barbara Formation at Bathhouse Beach, Santa Barbara, California. A census of 93 species of benthic foraminifera and nine species of planktonic foraminifera was compiled from 11 samples from the shelly marls, silts, and
sands of the lower member. Most species of benthic foraminifera are rare and only 38 species comprise one percent or more of the population in one or more samples.

Paleoenvironment of the sea floor was determined based on benthic foraminifera. R-mode cluster analysis defined five associations which are similar to those of the present-day banks and terraces of the California Borderland. Q-mode cluster analysis grouped samples into four biofacies which characterize shallow banks near 50 meters water depth and off-shore ridges and deep banks averaging 150 meters water depth. The stratigraphic succession of biofacies indicates two transgressive cycles separated by an apparent disconformity between 7.5 and 8.9 meters above the base of the section (between samples 3 and 4). Paleoceanography of surficial waters was interpreted from planktonic foraminifera. Paleotemperature was assessed from the proportion of sinistral to dextral morphs and from the proportion of encrusted, compact morphs to reticulate, globular morphs of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. The coiling morphs show a warm interval from the base of the section to about 12 meters (between samples 5 and 6), and a cooler interval from about 12 meters to about 24 meters (between samples 10 and 11), and an interval of intermediate paleotemperature in the topmost sample of the section. Changes in the planktonic assemblage do not coincide with the transgressive cycles inferred from the benthic biofacies.

The Bathhouse Beach section can be placed chronostratigraphically based on planktonic foraminiferal coiling shifts and strontium isotopic data. The isotopic age range of 400 to 900 Kyr brackets the 600 Kyr age assigned by Lagoe and Thompson (1988) to the Neogloboquadrina pachyderma coiling dominance interval CD9/CD8 boundary which occurs midway in the section, between samples 5 and 6.

Patterson, R.T., 1990. Nanosylvanella, a new genus of the Sipholageninae (Foraminiferida): Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 109: 325-328. https://doi.org/10.2307/3226803

Nanosylvanella, a new foraminiferal genus of the Sipholageninae differs from other genera of the subfamily in having an outer layer consisting of non-interconnected arrays of wall material radiating from isolated pillars. Nanosylvanella palmulina n. sp., the type species, is described.

Patterson, R.T., 1990. Intertidal benthic foraminiferal biofacies on the Fraser River Delta, British Columbia: modern distribution and paleoecological importance. Micropaleontology, 36: 229-244. https://doi.org/10.2307/1485507

Six foraminiferal biofacies from the marshes and tidal flats of the Fraser Delta, British Columbia vary in faunal makeup according to differences in elevation, salinity and organic content of surficial sediments. Based on the distribution of these biofacies, the marsh may be divided into two major faunal zones: a High Marsh Zone [≈>0.8m above mean sea level (a.m.s.l.)], and a Low Marsh Zone (≈0.0 to 0.8m a.m.s.l.). The fauna from the High Marsh Zone includes the Jadammina macrescens Biofacies, indicative of low salinity, and the Jadammina macrescens/Trochammina inflata Biofacies, indicative of higher salinity. The Low Marsh Zone is characterized by the Ammonia beccarii Biofacies. A Higher Low Marsh Zone (≈+0.5 to +0.8m a.m.s.l.) is characterized by the presence of the Cribroelphidium gunteri Biofacies, whereas a Lower Low Marsh Zone (≈0.0 to +0.5m a.m.s.l.) is delineated by the Miliammina fusca Biofacies. The Trochammina pacifica Biofacies, as well as the Miliammina fusca Biofacies, occur outside the marshes in tidal flats vegetated by Zostera marina (eel grass). The Trochammina pacifica Biofacies may have developed in response to the high organic content of some sediments.

Patterson, R.T., 1990. Eleven new and renamed species of benthic foraminifera from the Early to Middle Pleistocene Santa Barbara Formation, at Santa Barbara, California: Journal of Paleontology, 64: 681-691. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018916

Ten new species of benthic foraminifera are described from the early to middle Pleistocene Bathhouse Beach locality of the Santa Barbara Formation, Santa Barbara, California. The new taxa include Glabratella luxuribulla n. sp., Rectobolivina ruida n. sp., Homalohedra jungocostata n. sp., Homalohedra quasilineata n. sp., Pytine lemniscata n. sp., Lagena complurecosta n. sp., Lagena compressacosta n. sp., Cerebrina adamanta n. sp., Fissurina artolabiata n. sp., and Fissurina infragilella n. sp. Palliolatella immemora is proposed as a replacement name for the primary homonym Lagena neglecta Buchner, 1940.

Patterson, R.T., 1989, Early Miocene to Quaternary foraminifera from three wells in the southern Queen Charlotte Basin: Geological Survey of Canada, Open File Report 1985. https://doi.org/10.4095/130588

Forty-two species of benthic and planktic foraminifera were identified from 296 samples from the Murrelet K-15, Harlequin D-86, and Osprey D-36 wells located in the Queen Charlotte Basin. Two distinct temporal and three distinct ecological faunal assemblages were recognizable (Fig. 1). Interpretations, however, were limited by major zones of non-recovery, a sparse foraminiferal fauna, the low number of specimens recovered from each sample, and extensive caving.

In the upper portions of both the Harlequin D-86 and Osprey D-36 wells, a well developed and essentially modern boreal benthic foraminiferal community was identified. The upper portions of these wells are characterized by such neritic (<200 m water depth) species as Bucellafrigida (Cushman), 1922, Elphidium excavatum (Terquem), 1876, Eouvigerinajunciea (Cushman and Todd), 1941, and Islandiella limbata (Cushman and Hughes), 1925. Other taxa characteristic of this neritic interval, although rare, include Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny), 1839, Glabratella ornatissima (Cushman), 1925, and Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart, 1930. Because all the species found in this zone range from at least the Pliocene and are extant, a biostratigraphic resolution finer than the Pliocene-Quaternary was not possible. The upper zone of the Murrelet K-15 well was virtually devoid of fauna, but tentatively can be interpreted as Pliocene-Quaternary.

The lower faunal zone of the Osprey D-36 well was separated from the upper Pliocene-Quaternary boreal fauna zone by a 640 m hiatus in sampling that occurred between samples 35 (1036-1052 m) and 37 (1687-1697 m). The upper and lower faunal zones identified in the Murrelet K-15 well were separated by a zone of non-recovery spanning over 1700 m. This zone was composed primarily of Upper Miocene and Pliocene nonmarine sandstone and shale. The lower faunal zone identified in the Harlequin D-86 well occurs below the sample 22 level (1006-1021 m) and includes some overlapping Pliocene-Quaternary fauna, possibly due to downhole contamination. Seismic data indicate that the upper and lower faunal zones found in all three wells were separated by two regional unconformities that developed in the Late Miocene and Pliocene (Shouldice, 1971).

The lower faunal zone of the Osprey D-36 well is characterized by an Early Miocene (Saucesian-Relizian Stage) slope fauna which include s the bathyal dwelling (200-1500 m water depth) Uvigerinella ornata Cushman, 1926, Bolivina advena Cushman, 1925, Pseudononion costiferum (Cushman), 1926,and the warm-water dwelling Siphogenerina transversa Cushman, 1918.

Neritic water depth Miocene faunas, characterized by Elphidium vulgare Voloshinova, 1952, were found in the lower faunal zones of both the Murrelet K-15 and Harlequin D-86 wells, which suggests that the basin was more shallow toward the north in the Early to Middle Miocene. The presence of Bolivina advena in the Harlequin D-86 well indicates that the lower-fauna bearing sediments of the well were deposited no later than the Middle Miocene (Luisian Stage). The lower-fauna bearing sediments of the Murrelet K-15 well also were most likely deposited during this time as, by the Late Miocene, the site had become inundated by nonmarine sediments. The Miocene foraminifera from the Harlequin D-86 and Murrelet K-15 wells exhibit extensive diagenesis that is recognizable from the darkened and coarse granular, recystallized tests of the specimens. This phenomenon suggests that there may be a higher degree of thermal and
geochemical maturity as one moves northward in the southern Queen Charlotte basin.

Patterson, R.T., 1989, Neogene foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the southern Queen Charlotte Basin: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin 396, Contributions to Paleontology, p. 229-265. https://doi.org/10.4095/127725

Forty-two species of benthic foraminifera and planktonic foraminifera were identified in 296 samples from the Shell Anglo Murrelet L-15. Harlequin D-86, and Osprey D-36 wells of the Queen Charlotte Basin. Two distinct temporal and four distinct depositional environments are recognizable. Interpretations are, however, limited by major zones of faunal non-recovery, and sparse foraminiferal data. In the upper parts of the Harlequin D-86 and Osprey D-36 wells, a well developed, essentially modern boreal benthic foraminiferal community was identified. Because all species found in this zone range from at least the Pliocene and are extant, biostratigraphic resolution finer than the Pliocene-Quaternary is not possible. Seismic data indicate that the upper and lower faunal zones identified in all three wells are separated by regional uncomformities that occurred in the Late Miocene and Pliocene. The presence of characteristic neritic fauna and, in Murrelet L-15, three coal seams, indicate alternating shallow marine and nonmarine conditions during deposition. The sediments in the lower parts of the wells were probably deposited no later than middle Miocene (Luisian Stage). The Miocene foraminifers from the Harlequin D-86 and Murrelet L-15 wells are extensively diagenetically altered. This suggests an increase in thermal and geochemical maturity northward in the Basin.

Patterson, R.T., 1989, Laevicalvatella; New Name For Barnardina Taylor, Patterson, and Choi, 1985, non Kalantari, 1970: Journal of Paleontology: 63: 126. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000041081

It has been brought to my attention by Drew Haman that the genus name Barnardina Taylor, Patterson, and Choi, 1985, p.20 (type species Barnardina thanetana Taylor, Patterson, and Choi, 1985), is preoccupied by Barnardina Kalantari, 1970, p. 128 (type species Barnardina semirugosa, 1970). Laevicalvatella new name is proposed as a replacement. The name is derived from the Latin, laevis, smooth, polished, bald, and calvatus, bare, with reference to the smooth test of the type species. Gender feminine.

Barrick, R., Beverage, A., Patterson, R.T. and Schubert, J., 1989, Reexamination of the benthic foraminiferal fauna from a Late Pleistocene marine terrace deposit near Goleta, California: Journal of Paleontology: 63: 261-267. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019430

A benthic foraminiferal fauna of 39 species was quantitatively examined from a late Pleistocene marine terrace deposit near Goleta, California. This foraminiferal fauna, dominated by Cribroelphidium microgranulosum, Buccella tenerrima, Bulirninella elegantissima, and Cribroelphidium tumidurn, is presently most common in cool, shallow (less than 12 m, but usually 0-5 m) subtidal environments north of Point Conception, California. This indicates slightly cooler water temperatures during the time of deposition than found near Goleta today, and agrees closely with the results of a previous paleoenvironmental interpretation of the section based on molluscan fossils.

Yeh, C.C., Patterson, R.T. and Osborne, R.H., 1989, Fourier analysis of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) from the Pleistocene Santa Barbara Formation, California: Journal of Micropalaeontology: 8: 77-85. https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.8.1.77

A Fourier analysis was performed on three hundred and fifty two specimens of Neogloboquadrinu pachydermu. obtained from eleven sedimentary rock samples of the Pleistocene Santa Barbara Formation. Statistical analytical methods, including Chi square values, Q-mode cluster analysis, Q-mode factor analysis and discriminant function classification, were also carried out on these specimens.

Two natural groups are recognized which can be correlated with the assemblages previously defined as warm and cool Neogloboquadrinu pachyderma phenotypes. as recognized by microscope. The amplitude values of the second. third. fourth, and seventh harmonics of the warm phenotype specimens are greater than those of the cool phenotype specimens. On the other hand, the amplitude values of the fifth harmonic of the warm phenotype specimens are less than those of the cool phenotype specimens. Only the second harmonic is statistically significant in describing the shape differences between the warm and cool phenotypes. Increased compaction of the cool phenotype tends to decrease elongation, resulting in low amplitude values for the second harmonic. An intergradational form between the warm and cool water phenotypes comprises 9.4 percent of the specimens.

This intergradation, albeit narrow, identified by Fourier analysis and the discriminant function indicates that the controlling factors in the shape variation of the test are local. and are caused by variation in seasonal surface circulation patterns. The warm and cool water phenotypes of Neogloboquadrina puchyderma are therefore ecophenotypic varients within a single species.

Patterson, R.T. and Fishbein, E., 1989, Re-examination of the statistical methods used to determine the number of point counts needed for micropaleontological quantitative research. Journal of Paleontology: 63: 245-248. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000019272

Currently some controversy exists in the micropaleontological community concerning the statistically correct number of counts required for quantitative examinations, particularly with respect to the effect of variations in the number ofspedes between samples and the significance of varying fractional abundances on the reliability of results, This analysis of the various statistical methods used to determine the number of required counts has shown that the number of species has no relationship to the number of counts required to measure accurately fractional abundances, As part of the study, logarithmic contours plotting percentage abundance against the total number of specimens, which provide abundance errors at a 95 percent confidence level, have been generated. The plot is displayed logarithmically to emphasize the significance of rare microfossil elements that dominate most assemblages, and which are important in many paleoenvironmental studies. Based on the plot, it is recommended that researchers utilize counts of at least 50 for indicator species having a fractional abundance of approximately 50 percent or greater; 300 counts for species which comprise approximately 10 percent of a sample; 500-1,000 counts for species that make up 5 percent of a sample; and counts of several thousand for defining species that comprise 1 percent ofa sample. It is important to note, however, that where similar biofacies are involved, higher counts are required to accurately distinguish them. It is also recommended that researchers include fractional error abundances with their estimated abundances to provide an indication of their accuracy.

Barrick, R., Beverage, A., Patterson, R.T. and Schubert, J., 1989, Tortaguttus, a new unilocular foraminiferal genus: Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology 22, 65-67.

Patterson, R.T., 1988, Globulospinella, a new unilocular foraminiferal genus, and designation of a neotype for Palliolatella avita Patterson and Richardson. Journal of Paleontology, 62: 529-531. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.3.212

Globulospinella, a new foraminiferal genus of the Lageninae, differs from other genera of the subfamily by having a surface sculpture consisting of numerous elongate processes on a globular test. Globulospinella porcuspina n. sp., the type species, is described. A neotype for Palliolatella avita Patterson and Richardson, the type species of Palliolatella Patterson and Richardson, is designated.

Patterson, R.T. and Richardson, R.H., 1988, Eight new unilocular foraminiferal genera: Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 107: 240-258. https://doi.org/10.2307/3226501

Although varied and diverse, unilocular foraminifera are among the least understood group of the foraminifera. Part of the problem has been the inadequate number of taxonomic divisions within this diverse group. A new taxonomic framework has been proposed to make the group more useful to taxonomists and stratigraphers. Several additional new genera are proposed herein. The new genera Hyalinonetrion (type species H. sahulense n. sp.) and Pygmaeoseistron (type species P. hispidulum) are included in the Lageninae. Five new genera also are included in the Ellipsolageninae. These include Cursina n. gen. (type species C. adornata n. sp.), Exsculptina n. gen. (type species L. sidebottomi), Favulina n. gen. (type species Entosolenia hexagona), Homalohedra n. gen. (type species Lagena guntheri), and Laculatina n. gen. (type species Lagena quadrilatera striatula). Bifarilaminella n. gen. (type species Lagena advena Cushman) is included in the Sipholageninae. Three additional new species are described: Favultna epibathra n. sp., Pytine petaloskelis n. sp., and Sipholagena structiloides n. sp.

Patterson, R.T., 1988, Early Miocene to Quaternary foraminifera from three wells in the Queen Charlotte Basin off the coast of British Columbia: in James, D.P. and Leckie, D.A. (Eds.), Sequences, Stratigraphy, Sedimentology: Surface and Subsurface: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 15, p. 497-498. https://doi.org/10.4095/130588

Forty-two species of benthic and planktic foraminifera were identified from 296 samples from the Murrelet K-15, Harlequin D-86, and Osprey D-36 wells located in the Queen Charlotte Basin. Two distinct temporal and three distinct ecological faunal assemblages were recognizable (Fig. 1). Interpretations, however, were limited by major zones of non-recovery, a sparse foraminiferal fauna, the low number of specimens recovered from each sample, and extensive caving.

In the upper portions of both the Harlequin D-86 and Osprey D-36 wells, a well developed and essentially modern boreal benthic foraminiferal community was identified. The upper portions of these wells are characterized by such neritic (<200 m water depth) species as Bucellafrigida (Cushman), 1922, Elphidium excavatum (Terquem), 1876, Eouvigerinajunciea (Cushman and Todd), 1941, and Islandiella limbata (Cushman and Hughes), 1925. Other taxa characteristic of this neritic interval, although rare, include Buliminella elegantissima (d’Orbigny), 1839, Glabratella ornatissima (Cushman), 1925, and Pullenia salisburyi Stewart and Stewart, 1930. Because all the species found in this zone range from at least the Pliocene and are extant, a biostratigraphic resolution finer than the Pliocene-Quaternary was not possible. The upper zone of the Murrelet K-15 well was virtually devoid of fauna, but tentatively can be interpreted as Pliocene-Quaternary.

The lower faunal zone of the Osprey D-36 well was separated from the upper Pliocene-Quaternary boreal fauna zone by a 640 m hiatus in sampling that occurred between samples 35 (1036-1052 m) and 37 (1687-1697 m). The upper and lower faunal zones identified in the Murrelet K-15 well were separated by a zone of non-recovery spanning over 1700 m. This zone was composed primarily of Upper Miocene and Pliocene nonmarine sandstone and shale. The lower faunal zone identified in the Harlequin D-86 well occurs below the sample 22 level (1006-1021 m) and includes some overlapping Pliocene-Quaternary fauna, possibly due to downhole contamination. Seismic data indicate that the upper and lower faunal zones found in all three wells were separated by two regional unconformities that developed in the Late Miocene and Pliocene (Shouldice, 1971).

The lower faunal zone of the Osprey D-36 well is characterized by an Early Miocene (Saucesian-Relizian Stage) slope fauna which include s the bathyal dwelling (200-1500 m water depth) Uvigerinella ornata Cushman, 1926, Bolivina advena Cushman, 1925, Pseudononion costiferum (Cushman), 1926,and the warm-water dwelling Siphogenerina transversa Cushman, 1918.

Neritic water depth Miocene faunas, characterized by Elphidium vulgare Voloshinova, 1952, were found in the lower faunal zones of both the Murrelet K-15 and Harlequin D-86 wells, which suggests that the basin was more shallow toward the north in the Early to Middle Miocene. The presence of Bolivina advena in the Harlequin D-86 well indicates that the lower-fauna bearing sediments of the well were deposited no later than the Middle Miocene (Luisian Stage). The lower-fauna bearing sediments of the Murrelet K-15 well also were most likely deposited during this time as, by the Late Miocene, the site had become inundated by nonmarine sediments. The Miocene foraminifera from the Harlequin D-86 and Murrelet K-15 wells exhibit extensive diagenesis that is recognizable from the darkened and coarse granular, recystallized tests of the specimens. This phenomenon suggests that there may be a higher degree of thermal and
geochemical maturity as one moves northward in the southern Queen Charlotte basin.

Patterson, R.T., 1987, Arcellaceans and foraminifera from Lake Tecopa, and eastern California Pleistocene Lake. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 17: 333-343. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.4.333

An assemblage of 22 foraminiferal species and a single species of Arcellacea is documented from Lake Tecopa, a dry Pleistocene lake bed in southeastern California. As the lake was never in direct contact with the ocean, the close affinity of this assemblage to the fauna inhabiting coastal marine waters off California suggests colonization via avian transport. The presence of a well developed foraminiferal fauna in Lake Tecopa augments previous paleolimnological interpretations based on fresh water ostracode and diatom data and also provided by petrographic analysis. The presence of foraminifera in Pleistocene lake sediments also provides further evidence that foraminifera are not always indicative of marine facies.

Patterson, R.T., 1987, Four new foraminiferal (protozoa) genera from the Rio Grande Rise, southwest Atlantic Ocean. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 106: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.2307/3226311

Based on wall microstructure as indicated in thin section and other morphologic features, some new foraminiferal genera are proposed. Magnesoina, a new genus of the Prolixoplectidae, differs from other genera of the family in having the final chambers uniserially arranged. The type species of the genus is Listerella antillarum, The family Prolixoplectidae is emended to include genera with a late uniserial stage. Strtctocostella, a new genus of the Stilostomellidae, differs from other genera of the family by its costate test. The type species of the genus is Ellipsonodosaria modesta prolata. Torulumbonina, a new genus of the Nodosariinae, with type species Frondicularia btkintensis, differs from other genera of the subfamily by its non-palmate chamber arrangement and knob-encircled aperture. Pleuroskelidion, a new genus of the Pleurostomellidae, differs from other genera of the family by its costate test. The type species is Pleuroskelidion unda n. sp.

Patterson, R.T. and Richardson, R. H.,1987, A taxonomic revision of the unilocular foraminifera. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 17: 212-226. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.3.212

Unilocular foraminifera are varied and diverse, yet among the least understood gronp of the foraminifera. Part of the problem has been the inadequate number of taxonomic divisions within this varied group. We propose a new taxonomic framework to make the group more useful to taxonomists and stratigraphers alike, and to eventually lead to a better understanding of the group as a whole.

Rather than subdividing the unilocular foraminifera into more than one family, we reinstate the family Lagenidae Reuss, 1862, to include all unilocular forms, and recognize three subfamilies. The first subfamily, Lageninae Reuss, 1862, encompasses genera that lack an entosolenian tube, including Lagena Walker and Jacob, and the reinstated Procerolagena Puri. The second subfamily, Ellipsolageninae Silvestri, 1923, accommodates genera with an entosolenian tube at some stage of the life cycle, including Oolina d’Orbigny, Cushmanina Jones, Fissurina Reuss, Galwayella Patterson and Pettis, I renita Jones, Lagenosolenia McCulloch, Parafissurina Parr, Pseudofissurina Jones, Pseudoolina Jones, Pseudosolenina Jones, Solenina Jones, Ventrostoma Schnjtker, Walterparria Jones, and Wiesnerina Jones. Four new genera are also included in the Ellipsolagenidae: Duplella (type species D. apexadina, n. sp.), Palliolatella (type species P. arita, n. sp.), Pristinosceptrella (type species P. hispida, n. sp.), and Vasicostella (type species V. helophoromarginata (Jones)). We also describe two additional new species belonging to this subfamily: Vasicostella singulara and Wiesnerina carinata.

We propose a new third subfamily, Sipholageninae, to include those unilocular genera with double walls connected by a network of pillars. This subfamily contains Sipholagena Moncharmont-Zei and Sgarrella and Pytine Moncharmont-Zei and Sgarrella.

Patterson, R.T., 1986, Globofissurella and Cerebrina, two new foraminiferal genera in the Lagenidae. Journal of Micropalaeontology, 5: 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1144/jm.5.2.65

Globofissurella, a new genus of Oolininae, differs from other genera of the subfamily by its costate test and fissurine aperture. The type species Globofissurella scotti sp. nov., and an additional species, Globofissurella bulabrum sp. nov. are also described. Cerebrina gen. nov., type species Cerebrina perplexa sp. novo differs from other genera of the subfamily Oolininae by its reticulate surface sculpture and fissurine aperture.

Patterson, R.T., 1986 Karreriella obturaculoides, a new foraminiferal species: Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 19: 185-188. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.17.3.212

In Quaternary samples from the Rio Grande Rise in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, a benthic agglutinated foraminiferal species occurs that has also been observed in other medium to deep-water Atlantic (Cushman, 1922), Gulf of Mexico (Flint, 1897), Indian Ocean (Boltovskoy, 1978) and Pacific (Taylor, in preparation) localities. It has been variously referred to Gaudryina filiformis Berthelin, G. pseudofiliformis Cushman and G. bradyi Cushman. However, a careful examination of type illustrations indicates no affinity of the present specimens to these, or any other described species. Thus, a new species is required to accommodate these specimens.

Patterson, R.T., 1986 Amplectoductina, a new foraminiferal genus in the Siphogenerinoididae: Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 19: 188-191.

Amplectoductina, a new genus of the Tubulogenerininae, is distinguished by its entirely uniserial chamber arrangement. The type of the new genus is Amplectaductina carnatolintra.

Patterson, R.T. and Pettis, R. H., 1986, Galwayella, a new foraminiferal genus and new names for two foraminiferal homonyms. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 16: 74-75. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.16.1.74

Galwayella, a new genus of the Oolininae differs from other genera of this family by its distinct trigonal cross-section. The type species of the new genus is Lagena trigonoelliptica Balkwill and Millett, 1884.

New names are proposed for two homonyms in the Oolininae and Nodosariinae: Lagenosolenia incomposita for Lagena marginata (Montagu) var. spinifera Earland, and Dentalina ariena for Dentalina intorta (Dervieux).

Patterson, R.T., 1985, Abditodentrix, a new foraminiferal genus in the family Bolivinitidae: Journal of Foraminiferal Research 15 (2), 138-140. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.2.138

Abditodentrix, a new genus of the Bolivinitidae, differs from other genera of the family by its distinct truncate margin, reticulate ornamentation, and reduced toothplate. The type species of the new genus is Abditodentrix asketocomptella, n. sp.

Patterson, R.T., MacKinnon, K. D., Scott, D. B. and Medioli, F. S., 1985, Arcellaceans (“Thecamoebians”) in small lakes of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia: modern distribution and Holocene stratigraphic changes: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 15 (2): 114-137. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.2.114

Sediment-water interface samples from five lakes in New Brunswick and three lakes in Nova Scotia were quantitatively examined for both living and total populations of Arcellaceans. Two major assemblages (I and II) were recognized, both characterized by three main species: Difflugia oblonga, Lagenodifflugia vas, and Pontigulasia compressa. Assemblage I is divided into five sub-assemblages characterized by occurrences of minor species. Assemblage II basically has only three species with low abundances. The assemblage variations within Assemblage I are difficult to link with specific variables since we know relatively little about individual species. However, individual occurrences of two species can be linked to specific conditions: Difflugia bidens relates to increased sediment input and Difflugia tricuspis occurs with high concentrations of floating algae. The division between Assemblage I and II appears to be a function of seasonal temperatures. The high diversity Assemblage I occurs where summer temperatures reach values greater than 18°C (that is, above the thermocline) while Assemblage II occurs below the thermocline where temperatures do not exceed 6°C. Oxygen values in both assemblages are the same and, as in Lake Erie, low oxygen values do not appear to be a limiting factor. To complement the surface studies, cores from six of these lakes were also examined. Most lakes were formerly marine basins when sea level was much higher and the marine freshwater transition demonstrated the sharpest assemblage changes. Centropyxis aculeata usually dominated the transition sections. Arcellacean assemblages illustrated few changes once freshwater conditions were established in New Brunswick even though climatic changes are known in the same interval. However, assemblages in the Nova Scotia lakes changed sharply below the surface with D. tricuspis becoming much more common; this indicates more floating algae in these lakes in pre-modern times. Most of the species encountered here have been illustrated by us previously; however, three species found here were not illustrated in our Lake Erie study-Lesquereusia spiralis, Difflugia urceolata elongata, and Difflugia urens, n. sp.-and are fully illustrated here together with all the other species.

Taylor, S. H., Patterson, R.T. and Choi, H. W., 1985, Occurrence and reliability of internal morphologic features in some Glandulinidae (Foraminiferida). Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 15 (1): 18-23. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.15.1.18

Specimens of some glandulinid foraminifers have been critically examined to assess the validity of recently defined genera and their separation from Glandulina. The genus Tappanella, with T. arctica as type species, differs from Glandulina in the prominent biserial stage of the specimens examined. The genus Euglandulina, type species E. inusitata, is here restricted to those species with an asymmetrical entosolenian tube, attached to one wall of the terminal chamber. The formerly invalid genus Barnardina and type species B. thanetana have been validated by provision of a diagnosis and description. Glandulinoides, type species G. yunnanensis, from the Triassic of China, differs from these genera in the short centrally located entosolenian tube and absence of a biserial early stage.