Journal Articles - The Energy and Emissions Research Lab

Papers in Refereed Journals:

Most Recent

B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) The Futility of Relative Methane Reduction Targets in the Absence of Measurement-Based Inventories, Environmental Science & Technology, in press (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07722)
B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) A Measurement-Based Upstream Oil and Gas Methane Inventory for Alberta, Canada Reveals Higher Emissions and Different Sources than Official Estimates, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:416. (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-01081-0)
Z.R. Milani, B.M. Conrad, C.S. Roth, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Fence-Line Spectroscopic Measurements Suggest Carry-Over of Salt-Laden Aerosols into Flare Systems Is Common, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 10(11):1068–1074 (doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00613)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, Z.R. Milani, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Methane Venting from Uncontrolled Production Storage Tanks at Conventional Oil Wells – Temporal Variability, Root Causes, and Implications for Measurement, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 11:1 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.2023.00053)
M.R. Johnson*, B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner (2023) Creating Measurement-Based Oil and Gas Sector Methane Inventories using Source-Resolved Aerial Surveys, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:139 (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00769-7)
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner, B.M. Conrad (2023) Origins of Oil and Gas Sector Methane Emissions: On-Site Investigations of Aerial Measured Sources, Environmental Science & Technology, 57(6):2484-2494 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07318)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, D.R. Tyner, S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Methane Venting at Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) Facilities Is Significantly Underreported and Led by High-Emitting Wells with Low or Negative Value, Environmental Science & Technology, 57(8):3021-3030 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06255) [Journal Feature Cover Article]
B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Robust Probabilities of Detection and Quantification Uncertainty for Aerial Methane Detection: Examples for Three Airborne Technologies, Remote Sensing of Environment, 288:113499 (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113499)

Methane Inventories, Source Measurements, & Technoeconomics/Policy

B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) The Futility of Relative Methane Reduction Targets in the Absence of Measurement-Based Inventories, Environmental Science & Technology, in press (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07722)
B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) A Measurement-Based Upstream Oil and Gas Methane Inventory for Alberta, Canada Reveals Higher Emissions and Different Sources than Official Estimates, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:416. (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-01081-0)
M.R. Johnson*, B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner (2023) Creating Measurement-Based Oil and Gas Sector Methane Inventories using Source-Resolved Aerial Surveys, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:139 (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00769-7)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, Z.R. Milani, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Methane Venting from Uncontrolled Production Storage Tanks at Conventional Oil Wells – Temporal Variability, Root Causes, and Implications for Measurement, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 11:1 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.2023.00053)
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner, B.M. Conrad (2023) Origins of Oil and Gas Sector Methane Emissions: On-Site Investigations of Aerial Measured Sources, Environmental Science & Technology, 57(6):2484-2494 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07318)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, D.R. Tyner, S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Methane Venting at Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) Facilities Is Significantly Underreported and Led by High-Emitting Wells with Low or Negative Value, Environmental Science & Technology, 57(8):3021-3030 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06255) [Journal Feature Cover Article]
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson (2021) Where the Methane Is—Insights from Novel Airborne LiDAR Measurements Combined with Ground Survey Data, Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 14, 9773–9783 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01572)
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner (2020) A case study in competing methane regulations: Will Canada’s and Alberta’s contrasting regulations achieve equivalent reductions? Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 8(1), p.7. (doi: 10.1525/elementa.403)
T.A. Fox, A.P. Ravikumar, C.H. Hugenholtz, D. Zimmerle, T.E. Barchyn, M.R. Johnson, D. Lyon, T. Taylor (2019) A methane emissions reduction equivalence framework for alternative leak detection and repair programs, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 7(1), p.30 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.369)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2018), A Techno-Economic Analysis of Methane Mitigation Potential from Reported Venting at Oil Production Sites in Alberta, Environmental Science & Technology, 52(21):12877-12885 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01345)
C.A. Brereton, I.M. Joynes, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2018), Fugitive Emission Source Characterization Using a Gradient-Based Optimization Scheme and Scalar Transport Adjoint, Atmospheric Environment, 181:106-116 (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.014)
D. Zavala-Araiza*, S.C. Herndon, J.R. Roscioli, T.I. Yacovitch, M.R. Johnson, D.R. Tyner, M. Omara, B. Knighton (2018) Methane emissions from oil and gas production sites in Alberta, Canada, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1):27 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.284)
R. Roscioli*, S.C. Herndon, T.I. Yacovitch, W.B. Knighton, D. Zavala-Araiza, M.R. Johnson, D.R. Tyner (2018) Characterization of Methane Emissions from Five Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sands (CHOPS) Facilities, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 68(7):671-684 (doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1436096).
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner, S. Conley, S. Schwietzke, D. Zavala-Araiza (2017) Comparisons of Airborne Measurements and Inventory Estimates of Methane Emissions in the Alberta Upstream Oil and Gas Sector, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(21):13008-13017. (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03525)
M.R. Johnson*, B.M. Crosland, J.D. McEwen, D.B. Hager, J.R. Armitage, M. Karimi-Golpayegani, D.J. Picard (2016) Estimating Fugitive Methane Emissions from Oil Sands Mining Using Extractive Core Samples, Atmospheric Environment, 144:111-123. (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.073)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Emission Factors for Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells Derived Using Well- and Battery-level Reported Data for Alberta, Canada, Environmental Science & Technology, 48(24):14772-14781. (doi: 10.1021/es502815b)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2012) Opportunities for CO₂ Equivalent Emissions Reductions via Flare and Vent Mitigation: A Case Study for Alberta, Canada, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 8:121-131. (doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.02.004)
C.A. Brereton, M.R. Johnson* (2012) Identifying Sources of Fugitive Emissions in Industrial Facilities using Trajectory Statistical Methods, Atmospheric Environment, 51:46-55. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.057)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2012) Compositions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors for Flared and Vented Gas in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(9):992-1002. (doi: 10.1080/10962247.2012.676954)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2011) An Analysis of Flaring and Venting Activity in the Alberta Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, 61(2):190-200. (doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.2.190)

Novel Instruments, Measurement Protocols, Detection Probabilities

M.R. Johnson*, B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner (2023) Creating Measurement-Based Oil and Gas Sector Methane Inventories using Source-Resolved Aerial Surveys, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:139 (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00769-7)
D.C. Burtt, D.J. Corbin, J.R. Armitage, B.M. Crosland, A.M. Jefferson, G.A. Kopp, L.W. Kostiuk, M.R. Johnson* (2022) A Methodology for Quantifying Combustion Efficiencies and Species Emission Rates of Flares Subjected to Crosswind, Journal of the Energy Institute, 104:124–132. (doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2022.07.005)
S.P. Seymour, S.A. Festa-Bianchet, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson (2022) Reduction of Signal Drift in a Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy-based Methane Flux Sensor, Sensors, 22(16):6139 (doi: 10.3390/s22166139)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, S.P. Seymour, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson (2022) A Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy-Based Methane Flux Sensor for Quantification of Venting Sources at Oil and Gas Sites, Sensors, 22(11), 4175 (doi: 10.3390/s22114175)
B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Robust Probabilities of Detection and Quantification Uncertainty for Aerial Methane Detection: Examples for Three Airborne Technologies, Remote Sensing of Environment, 288:113499 (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113499)
M.R. Johnson, D.R. Tyner, A.J. Szekeres (2021) Blinded evaluation of airborne methane source detection using Bridger Photonics LiDAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 259, 112418. (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112418)
S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson (2021) Species Correlation Measurements in Turbulent Flare Plumes: Considerations for Field Measurements, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14, 5179–5197 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-5179-2021)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2021) An Uncertainty-Based Protocol for the Setup and Measurement of Soot/Black Carbon Emissions from Gas Flaring using Sky-LOSA, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14:1573-1591 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-1573-2021).
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) The Effect of Multiple Scattering on Optical Measurement of Soot Emissions in Atmospheric Plumes, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107220 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107220)
C.A. Brereton, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2020) Influence of turbulent Schmidt number on fugitive emissions source quantification, Atmospheric Environment X, 7:100083 (doi: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100083)
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) Beam steering effects on remote optical measurements of pollutant emissions in heated plumes and flares, submitted to Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107191 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107191)
C.A. Brereton, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Computationally Efficient Quantification of Unknown Fugitive Emissions Sources, Atmospheric Environment, 3(100035):1-13 (doi: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100035)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Calibration Protocol and Software for Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic / Elemental Carbon Measurements, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 151, e59742 (doi: 10.3791/59742)
C.A. Brereton, I.M. Joynes, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2018), Fugitive Emission Source Characterization Using a Gradient-Based Optimization Scheme and Scalar Transport Adjoint, Atmospheric Environment, 181:106-116 (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.014)
S. Schoonbaert, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Remote Ambient Methane Monitoring Using Fiber-Optically Coupled Optical Sensors, Applied Physics B, 119(1):133-142. (doi:10.1007/s00340-014-6001-0)
D.J. Corbin, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Detailed Expressions and Methodologies for Measuring Flare Combustion Efficiency, Species Emission Rates, and Associated Uncertainties, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(49):19359-19369 (doi: 10.1021/ie502914k).
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2013) A Generalized Sky-LOSA Method to Quantify Soot / Black Carbon Emission Rates in Atmospheric Plumes of Gas Flares, Aerosol Science & Technology, 47(9):1017-1029. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.809401)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Instantaneous In-Flame Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter and Aggregate Radius of Gyration via Auto-Compensating Laser-Induced Incandescence and Two-angle Elastic Light Scattering, Applied Physics B , 112:381-393. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5539-6)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2013) Diffuse surface calibration method to improve accuracy and dynamic range of aerosol elastic light scattering measurements, Applied Physics B , 110(3):315-320. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5357-x)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2011) Quantitative Field Measurement of Soot Emission from a Large Gas Flare using Sky-LOSA, Environmental Science & Technology, 45(1):345-350. (doi: 10.1021/es102230y)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2011) Analysis of uncertainties in instantaneous soot volume fraction measurements using two-dimensional, auto-compensating, laser-induced incandescence (2D-AC-LII), Applied Physics B , 102(1):173-183. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-010-4130-7)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, C. Yang, K.A. Thomson (2010) Sky-scattered solar radiation based plume transmissivity measurement to quantify soot emissions from flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 44(21):8196-8202. (doi: 10.1021/es1024838)
E. Bourguignon, M.R. Johnson, and L.W. Kostiuk (1999) The Use of a Closed-Loop Wind Tunnel for Measuring the Combustion Efficiency of Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion and Flame, 119:319-334. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00068-1)

Gas Flaring

Z.R. Milani, B.M. Conrad, C.S. Roth, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Fence-Line Spectroscopic Measurements Suggest Carry-Over of Salt-Laden Aerosols into Flare Systems Is Common, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 10(11):1068–1074 (doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00613)
D.C. Burtt, D.J. Corbin, J.R. Armitage, B.M. Crosland, A.M. Jefferson, G.A. Kopp, L.W. Kostiuk, M.R. Johnson* (2022) A Methodology for Quantifying Combustion Efficiencies and Species Emission Rates of Flares Subjected to Crosswind, Journal of the Energy Institute, 104:124–132. (doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2022.07.005)
S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson (2021) Species Correlation Measurements in Turbulent Flare Plumes: Considerations for Field Measurements, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14, 5179–5197 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-5179-2021)
Trivanovic, T.A. Sipkens, M. Kazemimanesh, A. Baldelli, A.M. Jefferson, B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson, J.C. Corbin, J.S. Olfert, S.N. Rogak (2020) Morphology and size of soot from gas flares as a function of fuel and water addition, Fuel, 279:118478 (doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118478).
O. Popovicheva, M. Timofeev, N. Persiantseva, A.M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S.N. Rogak, A. Baldelli (2019) Microstructure and chemical composition of particles from small-scale gas flaring, Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry, 19(10):2205-2221 (doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0177)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Flare-Generated Black Carbon: Variability, Predictive Model, and Implications, Carbon, 149:760-771 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.086)
M. Kazemimanesh, R. Dastanpour, A. Baldelli, A. Moallemi, K.A. Thomson, M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S. Rogak, J. Olfert (2019) Size, Effective Density, Morphology, and Nano-Structure of Soot Particles Generated from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Journal of Aerosol Science, 132:22-31. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.03.005)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2018), A Techno-Economic Analysis of Methane Mitigation Potential from Reported Venting at Oil Production Sites in Alberta, Environmental Science & Technology, 52(21):12877-12885 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01345)
B. M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2017) Field Measurements of Black Carbon Yields from Flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(3):1893-1900 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03690)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Emission Factors for Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells Derived Using Well- and Battery-level Reported Data for Alberta, Canada, Environmental Science & Technology, 48(24):14772-14781. (doi: 10.1021/es502815b)
D.J. Corbin, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Detailed Expressions and Methodologies for Measuring Flare Combustion Efficiency, Species Emission Rates, and Associated Uncertainties, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(49):19359-19369 (doi: 10.1021/ie502914k).
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2013) A Generalized Sky-LOSA Method to Quantify Soot / Black Carbon Emission Rates in Atmospheric Plumes of Gas Flares, Aerosol Science & Technology, 47(9):1017-1029. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.809401)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2013) Diffuse surface calibration method to improve accuracy and dynamic range of aerosol elastic light scattering measurements, Applied Physics B , 110(3):315-320. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5357-x)
J.D.N. McEwen, M.R. Johnson (2012) Black Carbon Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Buoyancy Driven Associated Gas Flares, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(3):307-321. (doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.650040)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2012) Compositions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors for Flared and Vented Gas in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(9):992-1002. (doi: 10.1080/10962247.2012.676954)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2011) Quantitative Field Measurement of Soot Emission from a Large Gas Flare using Sky-LOSA, Environmental Science & Technology, 45(1):345-350. (doi: 10.1021/es102230y)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2011) An Analysis of Flaring and Venting Activity in the Alberta Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, 61(2):190-200. (doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.2.190)
M.R. Johnson and L.W. Kostiuk (2002) A Parametric Model for the Efficiency of Flares in a Crosswind, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 29:1943-1950. (doi: 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80236-X)
M.R. Johnson, D.J. Wilson, and L.W. Kostiuk (2001) A Fuel Stripping Mechanism for Wake-Stabilized Jet Diffusion Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion Science and Technology, 169:155-174. (doi: 10.1080/00102200108907844)
M.R. Johnson, J. Spangelo, and L.W. Kostiuk (2001) A Characterization of Solution Gas Flaring in Alberta, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 51:1167-1177. (doi:10.1080/10473289.2001.10464348)
M.R. Johnson and L.W. Kostiuk (2000) Efficiencies of Low-Momentum Jet Diffusion Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion and Flame, 123:189-200. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00151-6)
L.W. Kostiuk, A.J. Majeski, P.Poudenx, M.R. Johnson, and D.J. Wilson (2000) Scaling of Wake-Stabilized Jet Diffusion Flames in a Transverse Air Stream, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 28:553-559. (doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80255-6)
E. Bourguignon, M.R. Johnson, and L.W. Kostiuk (1999) The Use of a Closed-Loop Wind Tunnel for Measuring the Combustion Efficiency of Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion and Flame, 119:319-334. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00068-1)

Black Carbon

B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2021) An Uncertainty-Based Protocol for the Setup and Measurement of Soot/Black Carbon Emissions from Gas Flaring using Sky-LOSA, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14:1573-1591 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-1573-2021).
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) The Effect of Multiple Scattering on Optical Measurement of Soot Emissions in Atmospheric Plumes, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107220 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107220)
Trivanovic, T.A. Sipkens, M. Kazemimanesh, A. Baldelli, A.M. Jefferson, B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson, J.C. Corbin, J.S. Olfert, S.N. Rogak (2020) Morphology and size of soot from gas flares as a function of fuel and water addition, Fuel, 279:118478 (doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118478).
O. Popovicheva, M. Timofeev, N. Persiantseva, A.M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S.N. Rogak, A. Baldelli (2019) Microstructure and chemical composition of particles from small-scale gas flaring, Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry, 19(10):2205-2221 (doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0177)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Flare-Generated Black Carbon: Variability, Predictive Model, and Implications, Carbon, 149:760-771 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.086)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Calibration Protocol and Software for Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic / Elemental Carbon Measurements, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 151, e59742 (doi: 10.3791/59742)
M. Kazemimanesh, R. Dastanpour, A. Baldelli, A. Moallemi, K.A. Thomson, M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S. Rogak, J. Olfert (2019) Size, Effective Density, Morphology, and Nano-Structure of Soot Particles Generated from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Journal of Aerosol Science, 132:22-31. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.03.005)
B. M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2017) Field Measurements of Black Carbon Yields from Flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(3):1893-1900 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03690)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Simultaneous Instantaneous Measurements of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter, and Aggregate Size in Turbulent Buoyant Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35(2):1851-1859. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.003)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Emission Factors for Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells Derived Using Well- and Battery-level Reported Data for Alberta, Canada, Environmental Science & Technology, 48(24):14772-14781. (doi: 10.1021/es502815b)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2013) A Generalized Sky-LOSA Method to Quantify Soot / Black Carbon Emission Rates in Atmospheric Plumes of Gas Flares, Aerosol Science & Technology, 47(9):1017-1029. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.809401)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Instantaneous In-Flame Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter and Aggregate Radius of Gyration via Auto-Compensating Laser-Induced Incandescence and Two-angle Elastic Light Scattering, Applied Physics B , 112:381-393. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5539-6)
J.D.N. McEwen, M.R. Johnson (2012) Black Carbon Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Buoyancy Driven Associated Gas Flares, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(3):307-321. (doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.650040)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2011) Quantitative Field Measurement of Soot Emission from a Large Gas Flare using Sky-LOSA, Environmental Science & Technology, 45(1):345-350. (doi: 10.1021/es102230y)
A.R. Coderre, K.A. Thomson, D.R. Snelling, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Spectrally-Resolved Light Absorption Properties of Cooled Soot from a Methane Flame, Applied Physics B, 104(1), 175-188. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-011-4448-9)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2011) Analysis of uncertainties in instantaneous soot volume fraction measurements using two-dimensional, auto-compensating, laser-induced incandescence (2D-AC-LII), Applied Physics B , 102(1):173-183. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-010-4130-7)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, C. Yang, K.A. Thomson (2010) Sky-scattered solar radiation based plume transmissivity measurement to quantify soot emissions from flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 44(21):8196-8202. (doi: 10.1021/es1024838)
K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson, D.R. Snelling, G.J. Smallwood (2008) Diffuse two-dimensional line-of-sight light attenuation for soot concentration measurements, Applied Optics, 47(5), 694-703. (doi: 10.1364/AO.47.000694)
S. Trottier, H. Guo, G.J. Smallwood, and M.R. Johnson (2007) Measurement and Modelling of Sooting Propensity of Binary Fuel Mixtures, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31:611-619. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.229)

Combustion Theory, Measurements, and Applications

S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson (2021) Species Correlation Measurements in Turbulent Flare Plumes: Considerations for Field Measurements, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14, 5179–5197 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-5179-2021)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2021) An Uncertainty-Based Protocol for the Setup and Measurement of Soot/Black Carbon Emissions from Gas Flaring using Sky-LOSA, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14:1573-1591 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-1573-2021).
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) The Effect of Multiple Scattering on Optical Measurement of Soot Emissions in Atmospheric Plumes, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107220 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107220)
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) Beam steering effects on remote optical measurements of pollutant emissions in heated plumes and flares, submitted to Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107191 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107191)
Trivanovic, T.A. Sipkens, M. Kazemimanesh, A. Baldelli, A.M. Jefferson, B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson, J.C. Corbin, J.S. Olfert, S.N. Rogak (2020) Morphology and size of soot from gas flares as a function of fuel and water addition, Fuel, 279:118478 (doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118478).
O. Popovicheva, M. Timofeev, N. Persiantseva, A.M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S.N. Rogak, A. Baldelli (2019) Microstructure and chemical composition of particles from small-scale gas flaring, Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry, 19(10):2205-2221 (doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0177)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Flare-Generated Black Carbon: Variability, Predictive Model, and Implications, Carbon, 149:760-771 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.086)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Calibration Protocol and Software for Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic / Elemental Carbon Measurements, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 151, e59742 (doi: 10.3791/59742)
M. Kazemimanesh, R. Dastanpour, A. Baldelli, A. Moallemi, K.A. Thomson, M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S. Rogak, J. Olfert (2019) Size, Effective Density, Morphology, and Nano-Structure of Soot Particles Generated from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Journal of Aerosol Science, 132:22-31. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.03.005)
B. M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2017) Field Measurements of Black Carbon Yields from Flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(3):1893-1900 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03690)
P.C. Vena, B. Deschamps, H. Guo, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Effects of Stratification on Locally Lean, Near-Stoichiometric, and Rich Iso-Octane/Air Turbulent V-Flames, Combustion and Flame, 162(11):4231-4240. (doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.047)
P.C. Vena, B. Deschamps, H. Guo, G.J. Smallwood, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Heat Release Rate Variations in a Globally Stoichiometric, Stratified, Iso-octane/air Turbulent V-flame,Combustion and Flame, 162(4):944-959. (doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.09.019)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Simultaneous Instantaneous Measurements of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter, and Aggregate Size in Turbulent Buoyant Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35(2):1851-1859. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.003)
D.J. Corbin, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Detailed Expressions and Methodologies for Measuring Flare Combustion Efficiency, Species Emission Rates, and Associated Uncertainties, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(49):19359-19369 (doi: 10.1021/ie502914k).
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2013) A Generalized Sky-LOSA Method to Quantify Soot / Black Carbon Emission Rates in Atmospheric Plumes of Gas Flares, Aerosol Science & Technology, 47(9):1017-1029. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.809401)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Instantaneous In-Flame Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter and Aggregate Radius of Gyration via Auto-Compensating Laser-Induced Incandescence and Two-angle Elastic Light Scattering, Applied Physics B , 112:381-393. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5539-6)
G.E. Ballachey, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Prediction of Blowoff in a Fully Controllable Low-Swirl Burner Burning Alternative Fuels: Effects of Burner Geometry, Swirl, and Fuel Composition, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 34:3193-3201. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.095)
J.D.N. McEwen, M.R. Johnson (2012) Black Carbon Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Buoyancy Driven Associated Gas Flares, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(3):307-321. (doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.650040)
A.R. Coderre, K.A. Thomson, D.R. Snelling, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Spectrally-Resolved Light Absorption Properties of Cooled Soot from a Methane Flame, Applied Physics B, 104(1), 175-188. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-011-4448-9)
P.C. Vena, B. Deschamps, G.J. Smallwood, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Equivalence Ratio Gradient Effects on Front Topology in a Stratified Iso-Octane/Air Turbulent V-Flame, Proceedings of the International Combustion Institute, 33(1):1551-1558. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.041)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2011) Analysis of uncertainties in instantaneous soot volume fraction measurements using two-dimensional, auto-compensating, laser-induced incandescence (2D-AC-LII), Applied Physics B , 102(1):173-183. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-010-4130-7)
S. Trottier, H. Guo, G.J. Smallwood, and M.R. Johnson (2007) Measurement and Modelling of Sooting Propensity of Binary Fuel Mixtures, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31:611-619. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.229)
J. B. Bell, M. S. Day, I. G. Shepherd, M. R. Johnson, R. K. Cheng, V. E. Beckner, M. J. Lijewski, J. F. Grcar (2005) Numerical Simulation of a Laboratory-Scale Turbulent V-flame, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 102(29):10006–10011. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0504140102)
M. R. Johnson, D. Littlejohn, W. A. Nazeer, K. O. Smith, and R. K. Cheng (2005) A Comparison of the Flowfields and Emissions of High-swirl Injectors and Low-swirl Injectors for Lean Premixed Gas Turbines, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 30: 2867-2874. (doi:10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.040)
M.R. Johnson and L.W. Kostiuk (2002) A Parametric Model for the Efficiency of Flares in a Crosswind, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 29:1943-1950. (doi: 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80236-X)
M.R. Johnson, D.J. Wilson, and L.W. Kostiuk (2001) A Fuel Stripping Mechanism for Wake-Stabilized Jet Diffusion Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion Science and Technology, 169:155-174. (doi: 10.1080/00102200108907844)
M.R. Johnson and L.W. Kostiuk (2000) Efficiencies of Low-Momentum Jet Diffusion Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion and Flame, 123:189-200. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00151-6)
L.W. Kostiuk, A.J. Majeski, P.Poudenx, M.R. Johnson, and D.J. Wilson (2000) Scaling of Wake-Stabilized Jet Diffusion Flames in a Transverse Air Stream, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 28:553-559. (doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80255-6)
M.R. Johnson, L.W. Kostiuk, and R.K. Cheng (1998) A Ring Stabilizer for Lean Premixed Turbulent Flames, Combustion and Flame, 114:594-596. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00353-2

Medical Aerosols & Combustion Aerosols

B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) The Effect of Multiple Scattering on Optical Measurement of Soot Emissions in Atmospheric Plumes, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107220 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107220)
Trivanovic, T.A. Sipkens, M. Kazemimanesh, A. Baldelli, A.M. Jefferson, B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson, J.C. Corbin, J.S. Olfert, S.N. Rogak (2020) Morphology and size of soot from gas flares as a function of fuel and water addition, Fuel, 279:118478 (doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118478).
O. Popovicheva, M. Timofeev, N. Persiantseva, A.M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S.N. Rogak, A. Baldelli (2019) Microstructure and chemical composition of particles from small-scale gas flaring, Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry, 19(10):2205-2221 (doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0177)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Flare-Generated Black Carbon: Variability, Predictive Model, and Implications, Carbon, 149:760-771 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.086)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Calibration Protocol and Software for Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic / Elemental Carbon Measurements, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 151, e59742 (doi: 10.3791/59742)
M. Kazemimanesh, R. Dastanpour, A. Baldelli, A. Moallemi, K.A. Thomson, M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S. Rogak, J. Olfert (2019) Size, Effective Density, Morphology, and Nano-Structure of Soot Particles Generated from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Journal of Aerosol Science, 132:22-31. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.03.005)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Simultaneous Instantaneous Measurements of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter, and Aggregate Size in Turbulent Buoyant Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35(2):1851-1859. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.003)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Instantaneous In-Flame Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter and Aggregate Radius of Gyration via Auto-Compensating Laser-Induced Incandescence and Two-angle Elastic Light Scattering, Applied Physics B , 112:381-393. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5539-6)
S.R. Wilson, Y. Liu, E.A. Matida, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Aerosol Deposition Measurements as a Function of Reynolds Number for Turbulent Flow in a Ninety-Degree Pipe bend, Aerosol Science & Technology, 45(3):364-375. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2010.538092)
Y. Liu, E.A. Matida, M.R. Johnson (2010) Experimental measurements and computational modeling of aerosol deposition in the Carleton-Civic standardized human nasal cavity, Journal of Aerosol Science, 41: 569-586, 2010. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.02.014)
Y. Liu, M.R. Johnson, E.A. Matida, S. Kherani, J. Marsan (2009) Creation of a Standardized Geometry of the Human Nasal Cavity, Journal of Applied Physiology, 106: 784-795, 2009. (doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90376.2008)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, and E.A. Matida (2009) Characterization of the Spray Velocities from a Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler, Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 1(22):1-13. (doi: 10.1089/jamp.2008.0687)
Y. Liu, E.A. Matida, J. Gu and M.R. Johnson (2007) Numerical Simulation of Aerosol Deposition in a 3-D Human Nasal Cavity using RANS, RANS/EIM, and LES, Journal of Aerosol Science, 38:683-700. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.05.003)

Complete Chronological List

B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) The Futility of Relative Methane Reduction Targets in the Absence of Measurement-Based Inventories, Environmental Science & Technology, in press (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07722)
B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) A Measurement-Based Upstream Oil and Gas Methane Inventory for Alberta, Canada Reveals Higher Emissions and Different Sources than Official Estimates, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:416. (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-01081-0)
Z.R. Milani, B.M. Conrad, C.S. Roth, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Fence-Line Spectroscopic Measurements Suggest Carry-Over of Salt-Laden Aerosols into Flare Systems Is Common, Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 10(11):1068–1074 (doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00613)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, Z.R. Milani, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Methane Venting from Uncontrolled Production Storage Tanks at Conventional Oil Wells – Temporal Variability, Root Causes, and Implications for Measurement, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 11:1 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.2023.00053)
M.R. Johnson*, B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner (2023) Creating Measurement-Based Oil and Gas Sector Methane Inventories using Source-Resolved Aerial Surveys, Communications Earth & Environment, 4:139 (doi: 10.1038/s43247-023-00769-7)
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner, B.M. Conrad (2023) Origins of Oil and Gas Sector Methane Emissions: On-Site Investigations of Aerial Measured Sources, Environmental Science & Technology, 57(6):2484-2494 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07318)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, D.R. Tyner, S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Methane Venting at Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) Facilities Is Significantly Underreported and Led by High-Emitting Wells with Low or Negative Value, Environmental Science & Technology, 57(8):3021-3030 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06255) [Journal Feature Cover Article]
B.M. Conrad, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2023) Robust Probabilities of Detection and Quantification Uncertainty for Aerial Methane Detection: Examples for Three Airborne Technologies, Remote Sensing of Environment, 288:113499 (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113499)
D.C. Burtt, D.J. Corbin, J.R. Armitage, B.M. Crosland, A.M. Jefferson, G.A. Kopp, L.W. Kostiuk, M.R. Johnson* (2022) A Methodology for Quantifying Combustion Efficiencies and Species Emission Rates of Flares Subjected to Crosswind, Journal of the Energy Institute, 104:124–132. (doi: 10.1016/j.joei.2022.07.005)
S.P. Seymour, S.A. Festa-Bianchet, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson (2022) Reduction of Signal Drift in a Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy-based Methane Flux Sensor, Sensors, 22(16):6139 (doi: 10.3390/s22166139)
S.A. Festa-Bianchet, S.P. Seymour, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson (2022) A Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy-Based Methane Flux Sensor for Quantification of Venting Sources at Oil and Gas Sites, Sensors, 22(11), 4175 (doi: 10.3390/s22114175)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson (2021) Where the Methane Is—Insights from Novel Airborne LiDAR Measurements Combined with Ground Survey Data, Environmental Science & Technology, 55, 14, 9773–9783 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01572)
M.R. Johnson, D.R. Tyner, A.J. Szekeres (2021) Blinded evaluation of airborne methane source detection using Bridger Photonics LiDAR, Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 259, 112418. (doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112418)
S.P. Seymour, M.R. Johnson (2021) Species Correlation Measurements in Turbulent Flare Plumes: Considerations for Field Measurements, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14, 5179–5197 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-5179-2021)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2021) An Uncertainty-Based Protocol for the Setup and Measurement of Soot/Black Carbon Emissions from Gas Flaring using Sky-LOSA, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 14:1573-1591 (doi: 10.5194/amt-14-1573-2021).
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) The Effect of Multiple Scattering on Optical Measurement of Soot Emissions in Atmospheric Plumes, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107220 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107220)
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner (2020) A case study in competing methane regulations: Will Canada’s and Alberta’s contrasting regulations achieve equivalent reductions? Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 8(1), p.7. (doi: 10.1525/elementa.403)
C.A. Brereton, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2020) Influence of turbulent Schmidt number on fugitive emissions source quantification, Atmospheric Environment X, 7:100083 (doi: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2020.100083)
B.M. Conrad, J.N. Thornock, M.R. Johnson* (2020) Beam steering effects on remote optical measurements of pollutant emissions in heated plumes and flares, submitted to Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer, 254:107191 (doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107191)
Trivanovic, T.A. Sipkens, M. Kazemimanesh, A. Baldelli, A.M. Jefferson, B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson, J.C. Corbin, J.S. Olfert, S.N. Rogak (2020) Morphology and size of soot from gas flares as a function of fuel and water addition, Fuel, 279:118478 (doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118478).
T.A. Fox, A.P. Ravikumar, C.H. Hugenholtz, D. Zimmerle, T.E. Barchyn, M.R. Johnson, D. Lyon, T. Taylor (2019) A methane emissions reduction equivalence framework for alternative leak detection and repair programs, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 7(1), p.30 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.369)
O. Popovicheva, M. Timofeev, N. Persiantseva, A.M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S.N. Rogak, A. Baldelli (2019) Microstructure and chemical composition of particles from small-scale gas flaring, Aerosol and Atmospheric Chemistry, 19(10):2205-2221 (doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.04.0177)
C.A. Brereton, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Computationally Efficient Quantification of Unknown Fugitive Emissions Sources, Atmospheric Environment, 3(100035):1-13 (doi: 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2019.100035)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Mass Absorption Cross-Section of Flare-Generated Black Carbon: Variability, Predictive Model, and Implications, Carbon, 149:760-771 (doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.086)
B.M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2019) Calibration Protocol and Software for Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic / Elemental Carbon Measurements, Journal of Visualized Experiments, 151, e59742 (doi: 10.3791/59742)
M. Kazemimanesh, R. Dastanpour, A. Baldelli, A. Moallemi, K.A. Thomson, M. Jefferson, M.R. Johnson, S. Rogak, J. Olfert (2019) Size, Effective Density, Morphology, and Nano-Structure of Soot Particles Generated from Buoyant Turbulent Diffusion Flames, Journal of Aerosol Science, 132:22-31. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2019.03.005)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2018), A Techno-Economic Analysis of Methane Mitigation Potential from Reported Venting at Oil Production Sites in Alberta, Environmental Science & Technology, 52(21):12877-12885 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01345)
C.A. Brereton, I.M. Joynes, L.J. Campbell, M.R. Johnson* (2018), Fugitive Emission Source Characterization Using a Gradient-Based Optimization Scheme and Scalar Transport Adjoint, Atmospheric Environment, 181:106-116 (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.02.014)
D. Zavala-Araiza*, S.C. Herndon, J.R. Roscioli, T.I. Yacovitch, M.R. Johnson, D.R. Tyner, M. Omara, B. Knighton (2018) Methane emissions from oil and gas production sites in Alberta, Canada, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 6(1):27 (doi: 10.1525/elementa.284)
R. Roscioli*, S.C. Herndon, T.I. Yacovitch, W.B. Knighton, D. Zavala-Araiza, M.R. Johnson, D.R. Tyner (2018) Characterization of Methane Emissions from Five Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sands (CHOPS) Facilities, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 68(7):671-684 (doi: 10.1080/10962247.2018.1436096).
M.R. Johnson*, D.R. Tyner, S. Conley, S. Schwietzke, D. Zavala-Araiza (2017) Comparisons of Airborne Measurements and Inventory Estimates of Methane Emissions in the Alberta Upstream Oil and Gas Sector, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(21):13008-13017. (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03525)
B. M. Conrad, M.R. Johnson* (2017) Field Measurements of Black Carbon Yields from Flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 51(3):1893-1900 (doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03690)
M.R. Johnson*, B.M. Crosland, J.D. McEwen, D.B. Hager, J.R. Armitage, M. Karimi-Golpayegani, D.J. Picard (2016) Estimating Fugitive Methane Emissions from Oil Sands Mining Using Extractive Core Samples, Atmospheric Environment, 144:111-123. (doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.08.073)
P.C. Vena, B. Deschamps, H. Guo, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Effects of Stratification on Locally Lean, Near-Stoichiometric, and Rich Iso-Octane/Air Turbulent V-Flames, Combustion and Flame, 162(11):4231-4240. (doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.07.047)
S. Schoonbaert, D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Remote Ambient Methane Monitoring Using Fiber-Optically Coupled Optical Sensors, Applied Physics B, 119(1):133-142. (doi:10.1007/s00340-014-6001-0)
P.C. Vena, B. Deschamps, H. Guo, G.J. Smallwood, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Heat Release Rate Variations in a Globally Stoichiometric, Stratified, Iso-octane/air Turbulent V-flame,Combustion and Flame, 162(4):944-959. (doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.09.019)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2015) Simultaneous Instantaneous Measurements of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter, and Aggregate Size in Turbulent Buoyant Diffusion Flames, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35(2):1851-1859. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2014.06.003)
D.R. Tyner, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Emission Factors for Hydraulically Fractured Gas Wells Derived Using Well- and Battery-level Reported Data for Alberta, Canada, Environmental Science & Technology, 48(24):14772-14781. (doi: 10.1021/es502815b)
D.J. Corbin, M.R. Johnson* (2014) Detailed Expressions and Methodologies for Measuring Flare Combustion Efficiency, Species Emission Rates, and Associated Uncertainties, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(49):19359-19369 (doi: 10.1021/ie502914k).
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2013) A Generalized Sky-LOSA Method to Quantify Soot / Black Carbon Emission Rates in Atmospheric Plumes of Gas Flares, Aerosol Science & Technology, 47(9):1017-1029. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2013.809401)
B.M. Crosland, K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Instantaneous In-Flame Measurement of Soot Volume Fraction, Primary Particle Diameter and Aggregate Radius of Gyration via Auto-Compensating Laser-Induced Incandescence and Two-angle Elastic Light Scattering, Applied Physics B , 112:381-393. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5539-6)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2013) Diffuse surface calibration method to improve accuracy and dynamic range of aerosol elastic light scattering measurements, Applied Physics B , 110(3):315-320. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-013-5357-x)
G.E. Ballachey, M.R. Johnson* (2013) Prediction of Blowoff in a Fully Controllable Low-Swirl Burner Burning Alternative Fuels: Effects of Burner Geometry, Swirl, and Fuel Composition, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 34:3193-3201. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.095)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2012) Opportunities for CO₂ Equivalent Emissions Reductions via Flare and Vent Mitigation: A Case Study for Alberta, Canada, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 8:121-131. (doi: 10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.02.004)
C.A. Brereton, M.R. Johnson* (2012) Identifying Sources of Fugitive Emissions in Industrial Facilities using Trajectory Statistical Methods, Atmospheric Environment, 51:46-55. (doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.057)
J.D.N. McEwen, M.R. Johnson (2012) Black Carbon Particulate Matter Emission Factors for Buoyancy Driven Associated Gas Flares, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(3):307-321. (doi: 10.1080/10473289.2011.650040)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2012) Compositions and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factors for Flared and Vented Gas in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 62(9):992-1002. (doi: 10.1080/10962247.2012.676954)
A.W. Cameron, S.Tavoularis, M.R. Johnson (2011) Flow visualization of low-momentum elevated jets in cross-flows, Journal of Flow Visualization and Image Processing, 18(2), 137-164. (doi: 10.1615/JFlowVisImageProc.2011003362)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, K.A. Thomson (2011) Quantitative Field Measurement of Soot Emission from a Large Gas Flare using Sky-LOSA, Environmental Science & Technology, 45(1):345-350. (doi: 10.1021/es102230y)
A.R. Coderre, K.A. Thomson, D.R. Snelling, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Spectrally-Resolved Light Absorption Properties of Cooled Soot from a Methane Flame, Applied Physics B, 104(1), 175-188. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-011-4448-9)
M.R. Johnson*, A.R. Coderre (2011) An Analysis of Flaring and Venting Activity in the Alberta Upstream Oil and Gas Industry, Journal of Air & Waste Management Association, 61(2):190-200. (doi: 10.3155/1047-3289.61.2.190)
S.R. Wilson, Y. Liu, E.A. Matida, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Aerosol Deposition Measurements as a Function of Reynolds Number for Turbulent Flow in a Ninety-Degree Pipe bend, Aerosol Science & Technology, 45(3):364-375. (doi: 10.1080/02786826.2010.538092)
P.C. Vena, B. Deschamps, G.J. Smallwood, M.R. Johnson* (2011) Equivalence Ratio Gradient Effects on Front Topology in a Stratified Iso-Octane/Air Turbulent V-Flame, Proceedings of the International Combustion Institute, 33(1):1551-1558. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2010.06.041)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, K.A. Thomson (2011) Analysis of uncertainties in instantaneous soot volume fraction measurements using two-dimensional, auto-compensating, laser-induced incandescence (2D-AC-LII), Applied Physics B , 102(1):173-183. (doi: 10.1007/s00340-010-4130-7)
M.R. Johnson*, R.W. Devillers, C. Yang, K.A. Thomson (2010) Sky-scattered solar radiation based plume transmissivity measurement to quantify soot emissions from flares, Environmental Science & Technology, 44(21):8196-8202. (doi: 10.1021/es1024838)
Y. Liu, E.A. Matida, M.R. Johnson (2010) Experimental measurements and computational modeling of aerosol deposition in the Carleton-Civic standardized human nasal cavity, Journal of Aerosol Science, 41: 569-586, 2010. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2010.02.014)
Y. Liu, M.R. Johnson, E.A. Matida, S. Kherani, J. Marsan (2009) Creation of a Standardized Geometry of the Human Nasal Cavity, Journal of Applied Physiology, 106: 784-795, 2009. (doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90376.2008)
B.M. Crosland, M.R. Johnson, and E.A. Matida (2009) Characterization of the Spray Velocities from a Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhaler, Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, 1(22):1-13. (doi: 10.1089/jamp.2008.0687)
K.A. Thomson, M.R. Johnson, D.R. Snelling, G.J. Smallwood (2008) Diffuse two-dimensional line-of-sight light attenuation for soot concentration measurements, Applied Optics, 47(5), 694-703. (doi: 10.1364/AO.47.000694)
Y. Liu, E.A. Matida, J. Gu and M.R. Johnson (2007) Numerical Simulation of Aerosol Deposition in a 3-D Human Nasal Cavity using RANS, RANS/EIM, and LES, Journal of Aerosol Science, 38:683-700. (doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.05.003)
S. Trottier, H. Guo, G.J. Smallwood, and M.R. Johnson (2007) Measurement and Modelling of Sooting Propensity of Binary Fuel Mixtures, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31:611-619. (doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.229)
J. B. Bell, M. S. Day, I. G. Shepherd, M. R. Johnson, R. K. Cheng, V. E. Beckner, M. J. Lijewski, J. F. Grcar (2005) Numerical Simulation of a Laboratory-Scale Turbulent V-flame, Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 102(29):10006–10011. (doi: 10.1073/pnas.0504140102)
M. R. Johnson, D. Littlejohn, W. A. Nazeer, K. O. Smith, and R. K. Cheng (2005) A Comparison of the Flowfields and Emissions of High-swirl Injectors and Low-swirl Injectors for Lean Premixed Gas Turbines, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 30: 2867-2874. (doi:10.1016/j.proci.2004.07.040)
M.R. Johnson and L.W. Kostiuk (2002) A Parametric Model for the Efficiency of Flares in a Crosswind, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 29:1943-1950. (doi: 10.1016/S1540-7489(02)80236-X)
M.R. Johnson, D.J. Wilson, and L.W. Kostiuk (2001) A Fuel Stripping Mechanism for Wake-Stabilized Jet Diffusion Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion Science and Technology, 169:155-174. (doi: 10.1080/00102200108907844)
M.R. Johnson, J. Spangelo, and L.W. Kostiuk (2001) A Characterization of Solution Gas Flaring in Alberta, Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 51:1167-1177. (doi:10.1080/10473289.2001.10464348)
M.R. Johnson and L.W. Kostiuk (2000) Efficiencies of Low-Momentum Jet Diffusion Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion and Flame, 123:189-200. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00151-6)
L.W. Kostiuk, A.J. Majeski, P.Poudenx, M.R. Johnson, and D.J. Wilson (2000) Scaling of Wake-Stabilized Jet Diffusion Flames in a Transverse Air Stream, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 28:553-559. (doi: 10.1016/S0082-0784(00)80255-6)
E. Bourguignon, M.R. Johnson, and L.W. Kostiuk (1999) The Use of a Closed-Loop Wind Tunnel for Measuring the Combustion Efficiency of Flames in a Crossflow, Combustion and Flame, 119:319-334. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(99)00068-1)
M.R. Johnson, L.W. Kostiuk, and R.K. Cheng (1998) A Ring Stabilizer for Lean Premixed Turbulent Flames, Combustion and Flame, 114:594-596. (doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(97)00353-2

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