Cognitive Science Student Conference 2025
ARC students presented their research at the 2025 Carleton Cognitive Science Student Conference.
Give Me Five: The Development of Quantity Recognition

Undergraduate student Leah Marshall presented her research on children’s quantity recognition.
Does One Size Fit All? A Profile Analysis

Master’s student Ayushi Chitranshi presented her research on students’ numeracy skill profiles.
Two main take aways from Ayushi’s presentation:
- I found four different numeracy skill profiles of students entering Grade 1: Profile 1 were consistently low performers (20%), Profile 2 had low number knowledge skills but average relations and below-average operations (38%), Profile 3 had high number knowledge skills, but average relations and operations (31%) and Profile 4 were high performers in all three areas (11%). These findings demonstrated that heterogeneity is present in students’ numeracy skills as they start formal schooling.
- These profiles were related to students’ later mathematics achievement in Grade 2. I found that students with higher numeracy skill profiles (Profile 3, Profile 4) consistently outperformed those in lower numeracy skill profiles (Profile 1, Profile 2) across all assessed math tasks in Grade 2. These results demonstrate the persistent challenges faced by students in lower numeracy skill profiles and highlight the need for individualized, targeted educational interventions to support students’ numeracy development.