Much of South Sudan’s history leading up to secession was marred by civil conflict with the Sudanese government. Originating from accusations that the government was intending to renege on intentions to create a federalist state upon independence from Egypt, southern rebels began a civil war lasting almost two decades from 1955-1972.1 Conflict arose once again in 1983, lasting until a Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) was signed in 2005. Over the course of this second civil war, it is estimated 1.5 million people died and up to 4.5 million were displaced.2 Contingent upon the CPA (2005), a referendum to secede from Sudan was held in January 2011, with 98% in favour.3 The Republic of South Sudan gained independence from the Republic of Sudan on July 9, 2011.