Fragile and Conflict-Affected States (FCAS) remain more relevant than ever. After a brief period of declining fragility coinciding with a slow economic recovery since the 2008 global financial crisis, conflicts, violence and fragility are on the rise again. In the last decade or so, we have seen an increase in armed conflicts and violence around the world, a worrying reversal from the trend observed since the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. Specifically, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region – in Iraq, Syria and Yemen – have imposed a heavy burden on civilians in terms of casualties and forced displacements.